Polisci 145 Midterm Ii

Front 1

Seven Years War

Back 1

Also called the "French and Indian War". Considered the first World War. The seven years war is important as it represents the first war involving a vast amount of states, in this case all of the major European powers at the time. It also resulted in France losing its place as the leading power in Europe.

Front 2

Washington's Farewell Address

Back 2

Washington's final speech before the end of his second and final term as the first President of the United States. Stressed the need to "avoid entangling alliances." The address is important to the course as it laid the groundwork for a major American foreign policy known as isolationism.

Front 3

Theodore Roosevelt

Back 3

The 26th President of the United States. Theodore Roosevelt's major contribution to the legacy of American foreign policy and to the understanding of this course as a whole was that he was the first to suggest a different approach to FP involving much less isolationism and essentially he was the one who ensured the United State's place as a world power.

Front 4

Spanish-American War

Back 4

War between Spain and America involving Cuba's fight for independence and Spain's attempt to keep a hold on it. America won and Spain's sovereignty over Cuba was relinquished. In understanding the concept of expansionism in the course one could say that expansionism in America may have been the real reason why America was interested in Cuba and the Treaty of Paris.

Front 5

Wilson's 14 Points

Back 5

Woodrow Wilson's 14 points were essentially the reasons for America's involvement in WWI. He cited Germany's violation of submarine warfare rules and other international transgressions as the main reasons. Wilson's points are important to the broader grasp of this course as they are a prime example of the post-Roosevelt era of presidents who moved further and further away from isolationism.

Front 6

League of Nations

Back 6

A collective organization and precursor to the UN of countries with the goal of avoiding a future World War. This organization is important as it represents a shift in mindset in IR from isolated states working individually to a more global and collective group with a (supposedly) common goal.

Front 7

Cold War

Back 7

Period of tension between the Soviet Union and the United States where each state built its military in response to one another's increase in military strength. Eventually the Soviet Union was unable to match the massive budget of the United States. The cold war is important in this course as it is a great example of the concept of the security dilemma where one state, through making themselves safer, makes other states less secure. This results in an arms race in many situations.

Front 8

Truman Doctrine

Back 8

Statement my President Truman saying that he would support Greece and Turkey economically and militarily to prevent them from coming under Soviet control. This is important as an example of the United States policy of containment in order to battle communism. The Truman doctrine's main purpose was to prevent Soviet/Communist expansion.

Front 9

Bush Doctrine

Back 9

President George W. Bush's policy after the September 11, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center which stated that the United States had the right to dictate any country giving aid to terrorist groups as terrorists themselves. This is an example of Bush carrying on the idea of "Rogue States" being the new enemy of free democratic nations in the modern world such as Iran.

Front 10

Franco-Prussian War

Back 10

War in 1870 between France and Prussia because France feared a unification of Prussia and Spain after Spain took a Prussian king. France suffered a terrible defeat. Important to the course as it resulted in the 1st Treaty of Versailles which weakened France and created the German empire.

Front 11

Treaty of Versailles

Back 11

The 1st Treaty of Versailles was signed after the Franco-Prussian war and blamed France for the war and created a unified German empire. The 2nd Treaty was signed after WWI and was extremely hard on Germany putting the majority of the blame on them. The 1st treaty is important as it created the powerful Germany which was seen in WWI and the second was important as it is viewed as a major catalyst in Hitler's rise to power.

Front 12

Charles De Gaulle

Back 12

A Pro-French Nationalist who became President of France and wanted to make France a new superpower as a mediator between the Soviet Union and the US. Hurt US-French relations. Founder of the Gaullist perspective which consists of those who still believe France should try to become a superpower.

Front 13

Robert Schuman

Back 13

Believed that France itself was responsible for all of its conflicts and problems. "We need to destroy the nation-state." Represents the viewpoint of the Integrationists who wanted to unify Europe.

Front 14

European Coal and Steel Community

Back 14

An integration of the Coal and Steel industries among Europe in an effort to start a "snowballing" effect where other aspects of society would follow suit leading to a completely unified Europe. Important in that it displays the Integrationist idea of functionalism which is a "bottom-up" integration where instead of trying to unite a lot of very different states instantly, individual entities among states are integrated slowly until complete integration is achieved.

Front 15

Treaty of Maastricht

Back 15

Created a new name for the emerging European community, the EU. Important to the course as it created the initial plans for the Euro.

Front 16

The Euro

Back 16

The adopted central currency for the European Union. Coming from an integrationist standpoint, a central currency would likely be the most important factor in unifying countries.

Front 17

British Empire

Back 17

The British Empire became powerful through their clever adaptation to their geographical location. For example, they maintained an island state with a strong navy, kept Europe divided, and built satellite states overseas creating the English Diaspora. Important as a model for the way the US would run its empire, using similar "replications" of itself overseas to form a settler empire.

Front 18

British Commonwealth

Back 18

Ask Lauren.

Front 19

"Pivotalist" Perspective

Back 19

British policy which viewed themselves as a balance of power in Europe.

Front 20

Federalism

Back 20

Political philosophy where power is shared between a central authority and smaller entities such as the states of the US. Federalists worked to achieve their dream of a unified European state.

Front 21

Functionalism

Back 21

An approach to integration which involves a "bottom-up" method where smaller aspects of a group of state's societies are integrated slowly working up to complete integration. This is the approach that the integrationists took in trying to unify Europe.

Front 22

Suzerain Systems

Back 22

A hierarchic rather than anarchic form of international relations. This idea forms the basis of Confucianism where every member of society has his or her place all the way up to the emperor who has supreme authority.

Front 23

Opium Wars

Back 23

Fought between Britain and China for Britain's right to sell opium in China. Britain won. Important because after defeat in China people began questioning the authority of the throne which paved the way for the Shoguns to take over.

Front 24

The Iwakura Mission

Back 24

The Japanese attempts to travel the world on a fact-finding mission to discover what needed to be done to modernize Japan. Important as this point in Japanese history represents a turning point where Japan realized that in order to keep up in an ever-modern world they would have to adapt.

Front 25

Meiji Restoration

Back 25

Same as Iwakura Mission except this refers to their attempts to modernize in general.

Front 26

Mao Zedong

Back 26

Ruler of China during its rise to power. Mao was the first to perfect asymmetric warfare (guerilla warfare).

Front 27

Chinese Communist Party

Back 27

Communist influence in China that was led by Mao. Overtook the KMT after Japan weakened them. Important as China became the only communist state not under soviet control.

Front 28

Kuomintang Party

Back 28

China's (somewhat late) attempt at modernization like Japan. Fought with the CCP and eventually was defeated as they were weakened by Japan.

Front 29

Taiwan

Back 29

KMT fled to taiwan after defeated by CCP. US protected Taiwan but Taiwan wants independence. Could lead to a China-US conflict in the future.

Front 30

The "Asian Hegemonist" Perspective

Back 30

As opposed to the globalists, they wanted China to become a superpower hegemon like the US.

Front 31

Russo-Japanese War

Back 31

War between Russia and Japan resulting in a terrible Russian defeat. The Russo-Japanese war resulted in Japan achieving great power status.

Front 32

Marxism-Leninism

Back 32

A take on Marxism which disagreed with Marx's idea of a spontaneous global communist revolution and instead believed communism needed a formal political party to gain power and other states would follow suit.

Front 33

Joseph Stalin

Back 33

Took over as the communist leader in Russia after Lenin died. Began a ruthless regime and gave up hope of a global communist revolution and instead focused on modernizing the Soviet Union.

Front 34

The "Law & Order" Perspective

Back 34

View held by Vladimir Putin that Russia was broken and needed a strong central authority to restore order. With this viewpoint Putin won the presidency and reasserted the Russian central government.

Front 35

Chechnya

Back 35

Lobbied for its independence from Russia. This came as a result of a crumbling Russian society as a result of the oligarchs.

Front 36

The Russian Oligarchs

Back 36

Bought up the Russian economy and politicians. Resulted in the disintegration of Russian society.

Front 37

Mikhail Gorbachev

Back 37

New leader in Russia as a result of Russia's failure to keep up with the US's increased military spending by Ronald Reagan. He listened to the people's complaints about communism. Led to the end of the Soviet Union and the beginning of the new Russian Republic.

Front 38

Perestroika

Back 38

One of the two types of reforms brought about by Gorbachev. This one referring to restructure in the face of Russia's over-spending on military after Reagan.

Front 39

Glasnost

Back 39

One of the two types of reforms brought about by Gorbachev. This one referring to openness in the face of Russia's over-spending on military after Reagan.