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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
a political system in which regional govts share power with the national govt
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federalism
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the central govt is not sovereign, which means it receives no direct grant of power from citizens
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confederation
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type of system when only the central govt is sovereign
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unitary system
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involved a dispute over whether the central govt had the power to create a national bank
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McCulloch v Maryland
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the authority to pass laws for the health, safety, and morals of their citizens
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police power
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powers that both the national and state govts can exercise
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concurrent powers
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provision that ensures that important civil obligations such as property rights, wills, and marriages will be valid and honored in all states
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full faith and credit
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the obligation of states to return people accused of crime to the state from which they fled
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interstate rendition
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act that authorizes the residents of the territory to draft a state constitution and hold a referendum to approve it
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enabling act
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the idea that the constitution, laws passed by congress and the treaties made by the federal govt are supreme, and state constitutions and laws are subordinate to them
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supreme law of the land
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the notion that the federal and state govts are sovereign powers with separate and distinct jurisdictions.
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dual federalism
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the notion that the distinction b/t state and national responsibilities is blurry and the different levels of govt share responsibility in many policy areas
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cooperative federalism
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the act of declaring a national law null and void within a state's borders
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nullification
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a form of national subsidy to the states designed to help them pay for policies and programs that are the responsibility of states rather than the national govt
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grants-in-aid
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a type of grant in which the fed govt simply turns money over to states and localities to use as they wish
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general revenue sharing
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programs that not only provide funds for a defined area of activity but also specify how the programs are to be carried out
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categorical grants
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provide funds for a general policy area but they allow states and localities greater discretion in designing the programs being funded
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block grants
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conditions placed on the receipt of grant money that have nothing to do with the original purpose of the grant
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crossover sanction
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a movement to take power from the federal govt and return it to the states
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new federalism
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congress expressly giving national laws precedence over state and local laws
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preemption
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federal mandates for which the federal govt does not pay any associated costs; requires states/localities to take on certain responsibilities without covering any expenses
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unfunded mandates (handicapped parking required)
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the process of adopting a state or nation centered view of federalism on the basis of political convenience
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ad hoc federalism
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