Polar Vs. Nonpolar Molecules

Front 1

Electron affinity

Back 1

the tendency of an atom to accept an electron.
- increases as atomic number increases within a period (left-right)
- increases as atomic number increases within a group (bottom-top)

Front 2

electronegativity

Back 2

the relative ability of an atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond
- differences in electronegativity can be used to predict the character and type of a chem bond

Front 3

polar covalent bonds

Back 3

a covalent bond formed between atoms of different elements that does not have equal sharing of the electron pair b/c there is a difference in electronegativity
*unequal sharing*

Front 4

pure covalent bond

Back 4

or nonpolar covalent
occurs for identical atoms w/ an electronegativity different of 0 so that the electrons are equally shared between the 2 atoms

Front 5

electronegativity differences

Back 5

1.70 = 50% ionic and 50% covalent

>1.70 = ionic bond

Front 6

molecular polarity

Back 6

depends on the location and nature of the covalent bonds in the molecule
- nonpolar molecules are NOT attracted by an electric field
- a polar molecular has a partial positive charge on one side and a partial negative charge on the other (a dipole) so it aligns w/ an electron field b/c of a greater electron density on one side

Front 7

solubility

Back 7

polar molecules and ionic substances = soluble in polar substances

nonpolar molecules = soluble in nonpolar substances

Front 8

dipole - dipole force

Back 8

the attraction of one end of the dipole to the oppositely charged end of the other dipole
- >dipole-dipole force = >molecular polarity

Front 9

polar vs. nonpolar molecules

Back 9

Polar:
- molecule has a definite positive and negative end
- bonds are NOT symmetric

Non-polar:
- symmetric--the electrical charge measured at any distance from its center is identical to the charge measured at the same idstance on the opp side
- partial charges are
balanced