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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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thermoregulation
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animals maintain an internal temp. within a tolerable range
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ectotherms
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gain most of their heat from the environment
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endotherms
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use metabolic heat to regulate body temp.
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integumentary system
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outer covering of the body consisting of skin, hair, and nails
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vasodilation
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increase in diameter of superficial blood vessels that causes warming
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vasoconstriction
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decrease in diameter of superficial blood vessels that causes cooling
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countercurrent heat exchange
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the arrangement of blood vessels to reduce heat loss
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nonshivering thermogenesis (NST)
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certain hormones cause mitochondria to increase their metabolic activity and produce heat instead of ATP
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brown fat
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in the neck and between the shoulders that specifies in rapid heat production
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acclimatization
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animals adjusting to new temp. over a period of days or weeks, a physiological response
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torpor
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physiological state in which activity is low and metabolism decreases
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hibernation
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long-term torpor that is an adaptaion to winter cold and food scarcity
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estivation
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summer torpor that is adaptation to long days of heat and scarce water supply
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daily torpor
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adaptation to feeding methods (need sleep for energy then wake up to hunt)
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