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23 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

the nervous system structures outside the brain and spinal cord


provides vital links to the body and the outside world

sensory receptors

pick up stimuli/environmental changes from inside and outside the body and initiate impulses in sensory axons

nerves

bundles of peripheral axons

ganglia

clusters of peripheral cell bodies

motor endings

the axon terminals of motor neurons that innervate effector organs, muscles, and glands

the two main categories of peripheral sensory receptors

free nerve endings of sensory neurons and receptor cells

receptor cells

specialized epithelial cells or small neurons that transfer sensory information to sensory neurons


monitor most types of special sensory information

free nerve endings

monitor most types of general sensory information

general somatic sensory information

touch, pain, pressure, vibration, temperature, and proprioception in skin, body wall, and limbs

special somatic sensory information

hearing, equilibrium, and vision

general visceral sensory information

stretch, pain, temperature, chemical changes, and irritation in viscera; nausea and hunger

special visceral sensory information

taste and smell

exteroceptors

sensitive to stimuli arising outside the body. usually located at or near the body surface


ex: receptors for touch, pressure, pain, and temperature in the skin, most receptors of special sense organs

interoceptors

also called visceroceptors


receive stimuli from internal viscera


ex: receptors monitor changes in chemical concentration, taste, stretching of viscera

proprioceptors

located in musculoskeletal organs and monitor the degree of stretch of locomotory organs and send input on body movements to CNS

types of receptors based on location

exteroceptors, interoceptors, and proprioceptors

types of receptors based on stimulus type

mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, chemoreceptors, photoreceptors, and nociceptors

mechanoreceptors

respond to mechanical forces such as touch, pressure, stretch, vibrations, and itch

baroreceptor

monitors blood pressure

thermoreceptors

respond to temperature changes

chemoreceptors

resond to chemicals in solution (such as molecules tasted or smelled) and to changes in blood chemistry

photoreceptors

located in the eye and respond to light

nociceptors

respond to harmful stimuli that result in pain