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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a characteristic of mineral oil? |
lubricant derived from petroleum |
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What is the FDA definition of cosmetics? |
articles that are intended to be rubbed, poured, sprinkled, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, or altering the appearance. |
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What is a characteristic of fatty alcohols? |
emollients; fatty acids that have been exposed to hydrogen |
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What are the main types of surfactants used in skin-cleansing products? |
detergents |
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What is the main difference between functional and performance ingredients? |
Functional ingredients allow products to spread, give them body and texture, and give them a specific form (such as lotion, cream, or gel)
Performance ingredients cause the actual changes in the appearance of the skin. |
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What function does water serve in cosmetic formulations? |
Most frequently used cosmetic ingredient (both a vehicle and performance ingredient). As a vehicle - spreading products across the skin. As a performance ingredient, replenishes moisture in the surface of the skin. |
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What type of color agent is zinc oxide? |
Exempt - do not require certification (Helps with opacity (solid color that is not transparent)) |
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What are alpha hydroxy acids (AHA) and beta hydroxy acids (BHAs) commonly used as? |
chemical exfoliants |
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What term refers to ingredients designed to dissolve keratin proteins on the surface of the skin to make it softer and smoother? |
enzymes |
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What are emollients? |
oil or fatty ingredients that lubricate, moisturize and prevent water loss |
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Name 3 emollients other than oil that are used in skin care products |
ingredients: jojoba oil, olive oil, sesame, mineral oil
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Define comedogenicity |
the tendency of any topical substance to cause or to worsen a buildup of dead cells in the follicle, leading to the development of a comedo (blackhead) |
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What are essential oils? |
Highly concentrated plant oils with properties that can have various effects on the skin. |
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What is a function of an antioxidant? |
Combat free radicals as well as stop the oxidation that causes products to turn rancid and spoil. |
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What is NOT a function of antioxidant? |
Lots of things.... |
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What is an example of an inorganic physical sunscreen? |
Titanium dioxide and zinc oxide |
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How must ingredients be listed on cosmetic labels? |
ingredients must be listed in descending order of predominance, starting with the ingredients having the highest concentration and ending with the ingredient having the lowest concentration |
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Why are preservatives necessary in cosmetic products? |
They inhibit the growth of microorganisms in cosmetic formalutions - they kill bacteria and prevent products from spoiling |
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What is the function of humectants in skin care products? |
They draw moisture to the skin and soften its surface, diminishing lines caused by dryness. |
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What are the two basic types of sunscreen products? |
Organic chemical sunscreens and inorganic physical sunscreens. |
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What is the difference between a physical sunscreen and a chemical sunscreen? |
Chemical sunscreens are organic (carbon based) compounds that chemically absorb ultraviolet radiation. Physical sunscreens are inorganic (without carbon) compounds that physically reflect or scatter ultraviolet radiation. |
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Describe the symptoms of an allergic reaction to cosmetic products? |
Excessively red skin or client complains of burning. Inflammation of the skin, burning or itching, blisters, blotches, or rashes. Eyes may swell, puff, or produce tears. |
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What two main products components are the most common allergens? |
Fragrances and some preservatives. |
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How should products be stored to make them last longer? |
Products stored in dark containers and in cooler temperatures will last longer.
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What term refers to closed-lipid bilayer that encapsulate ingredients, targeting their delivery to specific tissues of the skin? |
Liposomes |
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What substance is an inorganic salt used as a buffering agent, neutralizer, and pH adjuster? |
sodium bicarbonate |
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What is property of urea? |
enhancing the penetration abilities of other substances; anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, and deodorizing action that protects the skin's surface and helps maintain healthy skin |
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What is NOT a property of urea? |
good question.... |
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What is the primary benefit of a carrot? |
antioxidant, moisturizing, soothing |
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What is licorice used for? |
an anti-irritant good for sensitive skin; also inhibits melanin production. soothing, used to lighten surface hyperpigmentation |
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What ingredient cools skin, constricts capillaries, has refreshing properties, and contains menthol? |
peppermint |
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What is an example of an essential oil that is used as an astringent? |
benzoin |
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What is the primary property of sandalwood oil? |
soothing and antiseptic properties |
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What is the primary property of eucalyptus? |
antiseptic, antimicrobial, astringent, stimulating |
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What is an example of the plant that has healing properties? |
allantoin, aloe vera, calendula |
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What is NOT a benefit of honey? |
good question... honey - hydrating, toning, and tightening effects; used in masks and scrubs |
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How often should clients exfoliate at home? |
1-2 times/week |
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Why is using a SPF important? |
Sun exposure leads to skin cancer as well as aging, hyperpigmentation, capillary damage, free radical damage and collagen and elastin deterioration. |
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What considerations are important in choosing product lines? |
-ingredients high quality and beneficial? -versatile products? effective for all skin types? -affordable wholesale and retail prices? -recognizable and reputable product name? -packaging? -fragrances? -affordable for your clientelle? -support from mfgr or supplier? -cost of samples, brochures, etc? -training or education on product line? |
