Plumbing

Front 1

What do you concider when planning ahead before cutting pipes? (name 5)

Back 1

Plan ahead - Earth bonding - Is the water disconnected - Where are the pipes to be positioned - Have you all the tools and materials to finish the job - Is there anywhere where I can buy more materials quickly

Front 2

Measuring
What do you allow for when fitting a fitting to a pipe?

Back 2

make sure you allow enough for the pipe to sit fully into the joint -

Front 3

If you look inside fittings what do you See?

Back 3

you will generally see a slight ring where the inserted pipe will butt up to

Front 4

How do you get the internal measurement of a fitting? (how much does the pipe slide into the fitting)

Back 4

Slide the pipe into the fitting and mark the pipe at the fitting

Front 5

When you know how much pipe fits inside a fitting, where do you take your measurement from for the next cut?

Back 5

Measure from the pencil mark

Front 6

What tools can you cut copper pipes with?

Back 6

Hack saw or pipe cutters

Front 7

How can you cut a pipe square?

Back 7

Take a piece of paper with a straight edge and wrap it round the pipe at the mark. By wrapping it round on itself, it should automatically form a straight guide which is square to the pipe. Hold it in place and make your cut alongside it.

Front 8

After cutting a pipe what do you have to check for and what do you do to clear it?

Back 8

Check for burs and clear the pieces with wire wool or file

Front 9

What is the most common pipe work for plumbing?

Back 9

Copper

Front 10

How many main types of connectors/fittings are there for copper piping? and what are they?

Back 10

two - Compression and cappilliary (or solder) joints

Front 11

What are the main things to remember with compression joints? name 4 things

Back 11

More expensive to use, but are also the easiest - Have no soldering involved.- it's possible to fit them to pipes which are wet - Bulkier and more obtrusive than soldered joints.

Front 12

Capillary joints (solder Joints)
Does the fitting fit in or over the pipe?

Back 12

The fitting fits over the pipe

Front 13

What action do you take to seal/join a capillary joint?

Back 13

Apply heat and running a band of solder into the ends of the joint makes a watertight connection. The solder is drawn into the gap by capillary action, hence the name.

Front 14

Can you purchase joints pre-loaded with solder? and whats the difference in their prices compared to a compression joint?

Back 14

Yes, you can get pre-loaded joints - solder joints are cheaper than compression joints

Front 15

Connecting soldered pipe work - what precautions do you take when using a gas torch?

Back 15

Make adequate provision for the prevention of fire. Never allow the flame to point towards combustible items. Be extra vigilant when working in confined areas. Use a protective mat behind the area being heated to reduce the spread of heat.

Front 16

When was lead based solder banned on domestic hot and cold water supplies? Name the byelaw and the regulation?

Back 16

From 1987, the Water Supply Byelaws outlawed the use of lead based solders for domestic hot and cold water systems. This was incorporated into the Water Fittings Regulations.

Front 17

What health issues are there with the use of lead based solder?

Back 17

Lead poisoning

Front 18

How do you prepare the fittings and pipes before assembly?

Back 18

Cut and test the fittings (assemble)

Front 19

Why do you solder both ends at the same time (one after the other)?

Back 19

If one end cools after soldering it could remelt when the other end is heated.

Front 20

How should the fittings and pipes look before soldering/fitting?

Back 20

Clean and free of grease/oil - have a shiney surface.

Front 21

What is flux and why is it used? (Name 2)

Back 21

This is a paste which prevents further oxidation and assists the flow of solder. Application is easiest using a small craft brush

Front 22

When the flux is added what do you do when putting the fitting togeather and why?

Back 22

Twist the fitting so to spread the flux

Front 23

When using a blow torch why do you let it burn for a short while?

Back 23

It reduces the risk of the torch flaring when tilted

Front 24

When soldering when do you add the solder?

Back 24

When the flux starts to melt & bubble

Front 25

After heating the joint gently and evenly how do you add the solder?

Back 25

Remove the torch and touch the solder in several places until you see a complete ring around the joint. (capillary action)

Front 26

What is an integral fitting?

Back 26

A fitting that has the solder alread in place and just needs heating

Front 27

what happens if you over heat solder fittings?

Back 27

The solder will leak out

Front 28

What do you do if the joint leaks?

Back 28

Drain the fitting, reheat to dry pipe off, when heated add more solder

Front 29

If a leak persists what actions should you take?

Back 29

Take the section apart and redry, reclean, refit and solder - if not change the whole section

Front 30

How do you fit compression joints?

Back 30

Clean the pipe - place the nut on, then olive,Place the fitting over the pipe and push it home. Line up the nut and hand-tighten.

Front 31

How do you tighten the compressoin fitting? What will hapen if you over and under tighten the fitting?

Back 31

Using two spanners, hold the body of the fitting still with one, whilst tightening the nut with the other. It is important to tighten this nut by the right amount. If it is not fully tightened, the joint will not be watertight. If, however, the nut is overtightened, the olive and pipe can become distorted and the connection will leak. As a guide, the nut will usually require one complete revolution in addition to the hand-tightening. As the spanner is turned, you will feel some obvious resistance as the olive is pushed against the pipe. At this point, it will only need a little additional tightening to become watertight.

Front 32

Which way does the olive go on?

Back 32

Some olives have a right and wrong way round. they will have a different size chamfer on each side. The longest one goes against the middle of the joint.

Front 33

Bending Pipes
What ways can you bend pipes?

Back 33

By springs or pipebender

Front 34

How do you go about fitting pipe work with multiple (fitting) bends?

Back 34

Easiest way is to cut shorter lengths and offer up with the fittings, then to connect using straight connections

Front 35

What action would you take to make a length of pipe with a bend WITHOUT the use of a angled fitting?

Back 35

Measure a section of pipe and allow for the bend, then continue with the next section

Front 36

How do you use a spring to bend a pipe?

Back 36

Tie a piece of cord to the end of the spring (to save losing it inside the pipe).
Insert the spring into the pipe so that it spans evenly through the area to be bent. lubricate the spring with a little petroleum jelly if it proves a bit tight.
With the spring in place, bend the pipe to the appropriate angle by pulling both ends around your knee. Do so gently though and avoid bending it too far.

Front 37

What problems could you have when using a spring pipe bender? (name 2)

Back 37

You may have the wrong sized spring (1/2 inch does not fit a 15mm) leading to getting stuck - excessive bending will cause the pipe wall to collapse.

Front 38

What helps to get a pipe spring out? (3 things)

Back 38

Slightly over bent the pipe and then bend back again

Front 39

How do you use a pipe bender?

Back 39

Fit the pipe into the correct pipe size fitting and clamp in (see manual) then pull leaver to the required angle

Front 40

Supporting pipe work
Why do you support pipe work?

Back 40

To stop them rattling, to stop stress and possible leaks,

Front 41

What do you use to support pipes?

Back 41

Pipe clips - there are many types

Front 42

Supporting pipes below floors
Discribe two ways to support pipe work?

Back 42

1. when going across the joists cut down into the joist only enough to be below the surface also in the centre so that when laying the floor boards you nail either side so not to puncture the pipe
2. If running parallel to the joist then clips need to be used