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44 Cards in this Set
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Creep |
To move or proceed very slowly in the hangers as with the expansion or contraction of the pipe due to temperature change. |
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HD |
High density |
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LD |
Low density |
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Plastic |
Capable of being shaped or formed |
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Thermoplastic |
Materials that can be formed into different shapes by heat as many times as possible |
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Thermosetting |
The shape cannot be altered regardless how much heat is applied |
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General properties of plastic |
Something that can be molded at specific temperature Synthetic organic materials called resins. Low density Low surface hardness |
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ABS and PVC coefficient of expansion |
0.000055°F 0.000033°F |
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Advantages of plastic pipe |
Resistant to wide range of chemicals Unaffected by electronic corrosion High corrosion resistance Absorbs shocks well Can be easily joined Light weight Low absorption rate |
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Disadvantages of plastic pipe |
High coefficient of expansion Low tensile strength Creeps & produces noise Deforms under loads Has low heat resistance Low ductility Low fire resistance |
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Things to take into consideration when installing plastic pipe |
CSA approved What will be carried Minimum and maximum temperature Maximum working pressure Above or below ground Indoor or outdoor Hangers and supports Method of joining Penetration of fire walls |
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Types of thermoplastic pipe |
ABS PVC CPVC PE PEX PB PP Proxylene |
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Thermoset pipe |
Glass reinforced epoxy Glass reinforced polyester Glass reinforced vinylestes Glass reinforced furan |
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ABS |
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene
Popular in residential drainage and venting Low cost easy joining Excellent impact strength. Used up until 180°F
1 1/4" to 6" sizes. 12' in length
ABS DWV piping must be black and solvent cement be yellow
Greatest disadvantage is that it supports combustion |
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PVC |
Polyvinyl Chloride Originally made for fume exhaust systems. More corrosion resistance than ABS Self extinguishing Maximum temperature is 140°F PVC DWV must be gray and clear solvent cement |
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PVC pipe sizes |
DWV: 1 1/4" to 24" sizes and 12' lengths Pressure pipe: 1/4" to 24' and 12' or 20' length Water: 4" to 12" Sewage: 27" Melting can be extremely toxic |
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CPVC |
Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride
Same as PVC except temperatures up to 212°F
Used for domestic hot and cold water lines
Must use CPVC solvent cement Colour of plastic may vary 1/4" to 8" sizes 12' length. Sch 40, 80, 120 |
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PE |
Polyethylene
Least expensive Water and gas services to laboratory drainage Max temperature 130°F
Semi rigid: 1/2" to 4" sizes, coil lengths of 100, 500, 1000ft Rigid: 1/4" to 12" 10' and 20' lengths Laboratory drainage: 1 1/4" to 12" and 12' lengths
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PE/AL/PE |
Polyethylene Aluminum Polyethylene
Layer of PE and layer of AL. Aluminum impacts similar to metal pipe, such as stiffness and strength. The piping can be easily bent and retains shape.
Metal acts as a barrier to contaminants and air going in hearing systems. Joined by crimping or compression fittings.
Certain manufacturers provide socket fusion for this pipe |
What does the aluminum do? How is it joined? |
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PEX |
Cross-link Polyethylene
Designed for hot it cold domestic water and radiant floor heating.
Non oxygen permeable
3/8" to 1" sizes 20' lengths
Crack resistant to freezing and chemical resistant to many chemicals. Protect from sunlight. UV will call deterioration Joined via crimping and fusion |
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PB |
Polybutylene Made for hot and cold services with temperature up to 180°F Rigid pipe can only be joined via fusion Flexible and semi rigid can be joined insert and compression fittings, or fusion welding. Rigid pipe can only be joined via fusionFlexible and semi rigid 1/8" to 1" size. 50 to 1000ft length. Rigid pipe is 1/4" to 2" size 10 ft or 20ft length Flexible and semi rigid 1/8" to 1" size. 50 to 1000ft length. Rigid pipe is 1/4" to 2" size 10 ft or 20ft length |
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PP |
Polypropylene. Brown.
Used for laboratory drainage and distilled water systems. Used up to 180°F
1 1/4" size and 12' length
Joined via fusion with male & female heating irons. Or specifically designed acid resistant mechanical clamps.
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Ways to join PVC |
Grey solvent cement or mechanical joints |
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PVC pressure application |
Approved for use on pressure water systems with a max temperature of 140°F Can be any colour and must be sch40 or sch80 in grade |
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CPVC in water systems |
Max temp of 212°F max pressure of 58psi No colour code joined via solvent cement or compression fittings Sch 80 pipe may be joined by threaded connection |
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CPVC in fire suppression |
Must be orange. Sch40 and 80 joined by solvent cement. Sch80 can be threaded. |
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PE joining method |
Will not use solvent cement because PE resists the softening or melting effects of it. Instead socket or butt fusion are the primary methods of joining PE |
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PE in a water distribution system |
Max temperature is 130°F may be red blue white clear with or without colour stripe and can be joined with clamps, crimp rings, or compression fittings |
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PE in Gas service |
PE used in gas must be orange or yellow and be identified as HD pipe. Socket or butt fusion are approved methods of joining pipe. |
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PE in water service piping |
Is black and typically HD Standard piping joined via stainless steel clamps, or compression fittings. HD pipe joined via butt fusion |
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PE/AL/PE application |
Commonly identified as Kitec Pale blue - water service piping Black - solar application Royal blue - cold water, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide, compressed air Orange - hot water, ice melt, radiant floor heating, domestic hot water piping, air conditioning systems |
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Proxylene application |
Exclusively used in lab DWV systems. It's blue and joined via socket fusion of acid resistant mechanical couplings |
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Handling and storage |
Never be thrown from trucks when unloading Given support at all times should not be stored in large piles since it could deform the pipes especially in warm temperatures Supports for piping should not be placed 1m/3ft apart Should be stored in shaded areas some plastics are sensitive to UV rays |
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Cutting plastic pipe |
Use and handsaw, or mechanical saw, hacksaw, saw sol etc to cut squarely. Cut needs to be straight not diagonal because it reduces the bonding |
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Purpose of primer |
Penetrate and soften the surfaces so they can be fuzed |
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Primer procedure |
Apply primer to the fitting socket, keeping the surface and applicator wet until surface has softened. Usually takes 5-15 seconds. Remove puddles of primer from socket Apply primer to pipe same as depth of socket Immediatly while surface is wet apply cement |
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Applying cement |
Apply a thick even layer on the pipe equal to depth of the socket Apply a medium layer to the fitting Apply a second layer on pipe where a sizeable gap exists between pipe and fitting. |
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Assembling the plastic pipe |
Attach it asap when the cement is wet. Pipe should fit into the socket with some force, and twist a quarter turn. Hold for 30 seconds.
Since the the fittings are made with a taper the pipe may move back out of the fittings just after assembly |
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Which pipe can be grooved |
PVC pipe can be roll or cut grooved and joined via grooved mechanical couplings that are designed and recommend for PVC pipe. Grooved PVC for above ground in the following sizes; sch 40 (2"-8"), sch 80 (2"-12") The max temperature is 100°F for grooved PVC pipe |
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Types of compression fittings |
Nut and ferrule - similar to compression fitting used with copper Insert fitting and clamp - PE is joined with this fitting. Inserted into tube/pipe and held in place with either stainless steel hose clamps or with a nut and collar. On pressure applications recommended to use double hose clamps on each connection. Use hot water to warm the tube before inserting. Crimp style - ring or collar that is compressed over the pipe and insert fitting to create a seal Expansion - relies on the memory within the tube to contract back to it's original size after the expander tool |
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Bell end joints |
Primarly used in underground piping systems. Available in 4" sizes and up. For pressure, pipes available from 4-12" size
Very popular in sanitary and storm drainage. Alternative for cast iron and asbestos cement.
Installation: Spigot end is pushed through rubber gasket into the bell.
PVC water and sewage available in 13 to 20ft. Gravity sewer size 27" and pressure pipe 12" Thrust blocks be installed at each change of direction |
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Butt fusion |
Used on pipes 1 1/4" or and larger. Both ends being joined must be perfectly square. |
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Socket fusion |
Uses 2 heating irons. One is used to heat the inside of the fitting and the other is used to heat the outside of the pipe end. Once the right temperature is reached the fitting is pushed into the pipe |
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Electrical resistance fusion |
Aka Fuseal. It Allows the pipe and fitting to be assembled before heating.
Biggest advantage is that low temperatures doesn't have a consequence for having good fusion. You can correct all mistakes by reheating the joint and realigning the pipe and fitting.
Uses a PP or PE collar that contains electric resistance wire
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