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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is a soft, structured, bacterial deposit that adheres tenaciously to teeth/oral structures that are not adequately cleaned?
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Plaque biofilm
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What does CIPD stand for?
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chronic inflammatory periodontal disease
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plaque biofilm is a major aetiological agent for the most common dent diseases, what are they?
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dental caries
CIPD it is a precursor to gingivitis |
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What is the equation for caries?
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Caries = plaque + susceptible tooth + dietary factors + modifying factors
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What is the equation for CIPD?
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CIPD = plaque + host response (inflammatory and immune) + modifying factors
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What is the composition of plaque biofilm?
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bacteria
bacterial procuct food debris components of saliva and crevicular fluid host cells (e.g. epithelial cells, WBC) |
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What are the components of extracellular polysaccharides (bacterial product)
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glucans (dextran) and fractans (levan)
possibly a storage from of carbohydrates produce a reistant gel in the mouth |
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Where is supragingival plaque?
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above gingiva
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Where is subgingival plaque?
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under gingiva
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Subgingival plaque can be attatched to tooth surface or in contact with soft tissue name these types of subgingival plaque.
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Adherent - attached to tooth surface, similar to supragingival plaque
non adherent - in contact with soft tissue |
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What forms on the tooth within minutes of teeth being cleaned?
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a pellicle, formed from salivary glycoproteins
less than 1 micron in thickness, bacteria free |
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After 24 hours the pellicle is colonised by what shape bacteria?
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small round and thread shape bacteria
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What has column-like structured colonies of coccoid organisms, overlying rods and filaments and capable of producing acid?
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supragingival plaque within 24 hours
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Over several days supragingival plaque increases in quantity of plaque explain how.
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bacteria multiply and produce more dextrans
composition changes, filamentous organisms predominate appearance may resemble "corn cobs" at surface O2 levels in the deeper sections reduced anaerobic bacteria develope |
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What type of bacteria is associated with periodontal disease?
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anaerobic, as don't need O2
no oxygen under gums |
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How long can it take plaque to develop in large numbers following thorough cleaning?
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months
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How can plaque cause dental caries?
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demin due to acid produced by bacteria, plaque bacteria use dietary sugars to produce acid
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How can plaque cause periodontal disease?
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breakdown of supporting tissues due to bacterial and host products
bacterial products(enzymes, toxins, metbolic wastes) host products relate to inflammatory and immune response |
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What are the 3 views on plaque?
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specific plaque hypothesis
non-specific plaque hypothesis ecological |
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What is the ecological view on plaque?
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disease can be present in absence of pathogenic bacteria, environmental shift in mouth, neutral to acidic
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What do effects of specific plaque hypothesis depend on?
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type of bacteria present
numbers of bacteria present patient resistance - for most people small amount of plaque can be tolerated |
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What is treatment of specif plaque hypothesis aims at?
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specific organisms and or disruption of environment
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Is all plaque the same in specific hypothesis?
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NO
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What is the treatment aimed at in non specific plaque hypothesis?
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eliminating/decreasing plaque to a minimum, eliminating all bacteria
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All plaque are potentially harmful in non-specific plaque hypothesis?
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YES
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Which hypothesis fits dental disease?
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specific plaque hypothesis best explains periodontal diseases
non specific explains gingivitis caries have elements of both specific and non specific plaque hypothesis |
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at a clinical level prevention of perio can target....
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plaque factors (DHE)
removal of plaque retentive factors (calculus) some modifying factors (smoking,diabetes control) |
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at a clinical level prevention of caries can target....
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plaque factors
dietary factors tooth factors modifying factors |
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What are the building blocks of plaque?
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Carbohydrates
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How do carbs feed the bacteria that cause caries?
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bacteria can use sugars in our diet and produce acids
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How do carbs contribute to plaque bulk?
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some bacteria capable of producing dextrans and levans from glucose
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What is the relevance of carbohydrates?
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the quantity
frequency duration |
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Name the forms of carbohydrates
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white sugar
refined starches processed foods |
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What are examples of unrefined carbohydrates?
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fruit
vegetables whole grains |
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what are examples of refined carbohydrates?
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sugar
other ferment-able carbs |
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Who benefits the most from dietary counseling?
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patients with high caries risk
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What can act as a buffer to acids?
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Calcium
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