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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. In the evolution of eukaryotes, the loss of what structure may have been important?
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The loss of cell wall may have been important for enabling endocytosis.
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2. What is endocytosis?
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Substances outside a cell being taken up by membrane invagination.
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3. How is the DNA of eukaryotes different from that of Bacteria and Archaea?
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It is linear (not circular)
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4. What do eukaryotes have (that houses the DNA) that prokaryotes lack?
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A nucleus
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5. How does the process of cell division in eukaryotes differ from that in prokaryotes?
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Eukaryotes go through Mitosis (or Meiosis), -not- fission (as Prokaryotes do)
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6. Name the function of each of these membrane-bound organelles in eukaryotes:
a) endoplasmic reticulum b) Golgi body c) lysosome/peroxisome. |
a) Chemical reactions and protein synthesis
b) Transport and modification of compounds c) Lysosomes = Digestion. Peroxisomes = chemical reactions |
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7. How do the flagella/cilia of eukaryotes differ from those of prokaryotes? (be specific)
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“9+2 Microtubules” in Eukaryote flagella; more complex than flagella/cilia of Prokaryotes.
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8. What term is used for the molecules involved in structural support and motility in eukaryotes? (Actin and tubulin are components of this.)
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Cytoskeleton
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9. Define endosymbiosis.
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One cell living within another
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10. What two organelles originated via endosymbiosis and what is the evidence for this?
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Mitochondria and Chloroplasts. Both Mitochondria and Chloroplasts resemble a bacterium: same size, circular DNA, replicates by fission, ribosomes 70 S
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11. In what groups did chloroplasts evolve independently?
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Euglenids, Dinoflagellates, Chromobionta, Rhodophyta, and Chlorophyta.
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12. Is the "Protista" a monophyletic or paraphyletic group?
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Paraphaletic
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13. What is an economically important member of the Diplomonads? What does it cause?
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Giardia Lamblia. An Intestinal parasite that causes Giardiasis.
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14. Describe Euglenoids with respect to: a) flagella location; b) nutritional ability; c) chlorophyll types; d) storage product; e) layer inner to plasma membrane.
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Slide 9 (On AlveolStramen)
a) They have two or more flagella; only one (anterior) is usually visible. b) Primarily heterotrophic, but may be photosynthetic (photoautotrophic) by an endosymbiotic event independent from that of other photosynthetic organisms c) They have chlorophyll A and B d) They store Paramylon e) No cell wall but under the cell membrane they have an extra later of protein called the pellicle. |
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15. Define pseudopodia; phagocytosis. Name a basal eukaryote having these.
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Pseudopodia (literally “false feet”) are thin extensions of the cytoplasm.
Phagocytosis - A type of endocytosis involving large, particulate substances, accomplished mainly by macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells. Amoeboids have this. |
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16. What organelle functions in expelling excess water?
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Contractile vacuole
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17. What common structural feature unites the Alveolates?
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Most have alveoli; membrane enclosed sacs to periphery of cells
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20. What group of planktonic primary producers has chlorophyll a & c, starch as a storage product, cell walls absent of in plates (thecae), and has two flagella in grooves?
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Dinoflagellates
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18. Name three major groups of Alveolates.
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Ampicomplexans, Dinoflagellates, Ciliata-Ciliates
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19. Name a common genus of ciliates.
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Paramecium
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21. What is the "red tide," and to what group do organisms that cause it belong?
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Red tide: A rapid bloom of -Dinoflagellates- that produce neurotoxins.
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22. What is bioluminescence and what is its possible function?
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Bioluminescence is an effect where an organism emitting a flash of light when agitated. A possible function of this is to scare off potential predators.
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23. The Ampicomplexans (Sporozoans) contain what genus that causes what important disease?
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They include Plasmodium, which are a direct cause of malaria.
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