Plants Notes

Front 1

Plants make energy by performing ____________

Back 1

Photosynthesis

Front 2

Green pigment in chloroplasts that captures energy from sunlight

Back 2

Chlorophyll

Front 3

Plants grow and stand ____________

Back 3

Upright

Front 4

Support and protect plant cells and keep plants in their upright position

Back 4

Cell walls

Front 5

Lack specialized conducting tissues and true roots, stems, and leaves

Back 5

Nonvascular plants

Front 6

Have conducting tissues for water and nutrients.

Back 6

Vascular Plants

Front 7

Tissue through which water travels in a vascular plant up from the roots

Back 7

Xylem

Front 8

Tissue through which sugars travel in a vascular plant down from the leaves

Back 8

Phloem

Front 9

Plants that reproduce using spores

Back 9

Seedless plants

Front 10

Woody, vascular seed plant whose seeds are not enclosed by an ovary or fruit; cone-bearing;

usually have needles

Back 10

Gymnosperm

Front 11

Vascular plants are divided into _____ groups

Back 11

Three

Front 12

A flowering plat that produces seeds within a fruit

Back 12

Angiosperm

Front 13

Supply plants with water and minerals through the xylem

Back 13

Roots

Front 14

Hold plants securely in the soil

Back 14

Roots

Front 15

Store surplus food made during photosynthesis

Back 15

Roots

Front 16

Roots are covered with ____________ that increase surface area of roots for more absorption

Back 16

Roots Hairs

Front 17

Tip of root where growth occurs

Back 17

Root Cap

Front 18

One main root grows downward and small roots branch off of the taproot; usually reaches deep underground

Back 18

Taproot system

Front 19

_____ kinds of root systems

Back 19

Two

Front 20

Several roots, about the same size, spread out from the base of the plant’s stem; usually gets water from close to the soil surface

Back 20

Fibrous system

Front 21

Support the plant

Back 21

Stems

Front 22

Hold up flowers

Back 22

Stems

Front 23

Contain xylem and phloem to transport materials between the root and shoot systems

Back 23

Stems

Front 24

Sometimes store materials, like water

Back 24

Stems

Front 25

Soft, thin, and flexible

Back 25

Herbaceous Stems

Front 26

Rigid stems made of wood and bark

Back 26

Woody Stems

Front 27

Make food energy by photosynthesis

Back 27

Leaves

Front 28

Absorb carbon dioxide from the air

Back 28

Leaves

Front 29

Chlorophyll absorbs sunlight energy

Back 29

Leaves

Front 30

Combine those with water coming up from roots

Back 30

Leaves

Front 31

Make Sugar, which is used as energy

Back 31

Leaves

Front 32

Oxygen is made and released during the process

Back 32

Leaves

Front 33

What is the chemical formula of Photosynthesis?

Back 33

Water + Carbon dioxide + sunlight -> Sugar + Oxygen

Front 34

What is a chemical process that occurs in animals that is the opposite of photosynthesis?

Back 34

Cellular respiration

Front 35

Has several layers of tissue

Back 35

Leaf structure

Front 36

Covering that prevents water loss

Back 36

Cuticle

Front 37

Openings in the leaf that allow carbon dioxide in

Back 37

Stomata

Front 38

Evaporation of water from the leaves.

Back 38

Transpiration

Front 39

If more water leaves than the amount coming in through the roots, the plant will ____________

Back 39

Wilt

Front 40

Xylem and phloem also found in ____________

Back 40

Leaves

Front 41

Modified leaves that make up the outermost ring of flower parts and protect the bud

Back 41

Sepal

Front 42

Sepals fold back when the ____________ opens

Back 42

Blossoms

Front 43

The broad, flat parts of a flower

Back 43

Petals

Front 44

Petals vary in ____________ and ____________ to attract pollinators

Back 44

Color - Shape

Front 45

Petals vary in color and shape to ____________ ___________

Back 45

Attract pollinators

Front 46

The male reproductive structure

Back 46

Stamen

Front 47

The stamen contains a stalk called a _____________

Back 47

Filament

Front 48

On top of the filament is the ____________ that produces pollen.

Back 48

Anther

Front 49

The female reproductive structure

Back 49

Pistil

Front 50

On top of the pistil is the ____________, which is a sticky structure where pollen grains collect

Back 50

Stigma

Front 51

A long, slender ____________ is under the stigma

Back 51

Style

Front 52

The round base of the pistil is the ____________ and contains one or more ovules.

Back 52

Ovary

Front 53

Each ____________ contains an egg

Back 53

Ovule

Front 54

When the egg is fertilized, the ovule develops into a ____________ and the ovary develops into a ____________

Back 54

Seed - Fruit

Front 55

Occurs when pollen moves from anthers to stigmas

Back 55

Pollination

Front 56

After pollen lands on ____________, a tube grows down from each pollen grain down the style to an ovule

Back 56

Stigma

Front 57

Sperm from the pollen move down the pollen tube into an ____________

Back 57

Ovule

Front 58

Occurs when the sperm fuses with an egg in the ovule

Back 58

Fertilization

Front 59

When sperm and egg join, a ____________ forms.

Back 59

Seed

Front 60

_____ parts of a seed

Back 60

Three

Front 61

A young plant

Back 61

Sporophyte

Front 62

Stored food is found in the ____________

Back 62

Cotyledons

Front 63

Seed ___________ to protect the young plant

Back 63

Coat

Front 64

Stored ____________ can be used by the young plant when it starts to grow

Back 64

Food

Front 65

Seeds can be spread by ____________ efficiently

Back 65

Animals

Front 66

_____ groups of angiosperms

Back 66

Two

Front 67

Seeds contain one cotyledon, or seed leaf

Back 67

Monocots

Front 68

Seeds contain two cotyledons, or seed leaves

Back 68

Dicots

Front 69

The ovary surrounding the seeds develops into a ____________

Back 69

Fruit

Front 70

Some fruits and seeds have structures that help ____________ carry them

Back 70

Wind

Front 71

Many fruits are ____________ and animals may eat the fruits

Back 71

Edible

Front 72

Then, the animals discard seeds ____________ from the plant

Back 72

Away

Front 73

Once a seed is fully developed, the young plant inside stops ____________

Back 73

Growing

Front 74

The seed may become ____________, or inactive

Back 74

Dormant

Front 75

Some seeds will come out of dormancy on their own, others may need a cold winter or a ____________ to break their dormancy

Back 75

Fire

Front 76

When seeds are dropped or planted in a suitable environment, they will ____________, or sprout.

Back 76

Germinate

Front 77

When pollen is carried by wind from male cones to female cones

Back 77

Pollination

Front 78

Male and female cones may be on the ____________ plant or on different plants

Back 78

Same

Front 79

Occurs when egg and sperm join.

Back 79

Fertilization

Front 80

A sporophyte develops in a seed in the ____________ cone

Back 80

Female

Front 81

The seed will be released either right away or due to special circumstances such as a ____________

Back 81

Fire

Front 82

If conditions are right, the seed will ____________ into an adult plant

Back 82

Grow

Front 83

Growth in response to a stimulus

Back 83

Tropism

Front 84

Growth toward the stimulus

Back 84

Positive

Front 85

Growth away from the stimulus

Back 85

Negative

Front 86

A change in the direction a plant is growing caused by light

Back 86

Phototropism

Front 87

Plants will grow ____________ light

Back 87

Toward

Front 88

Shoots bend because cells on the dark side grow ____________ than cells on the other side

Back 88

Longer

Front 89

A change in the direction a plant is growing caused by gravity

Back 89

Gravitropism

Front 90

Roots have ____________ gravitropism, growing down toward the center of Earth

Back 90

Positive

Front 91

Shoots have a ____________ gravitropism, growing up away from the center of Earth

Back 91

Negative

Front 92

Changes with the seasons cause ____________ changes

Back 92

Reproductive

Front 93

Changes with seasons cause ______ ______

Back 93

Leaf loss

Front 94

Trees that lose some leaves year-round so that some leaves are always on the tree

Back 94

Evergreen

Front 95

Trees that lose all their leaves around the same time each year to conserve energy in cold, dry seasons

Back 95

Deciduous trees

Front 96

In deciduous trees, as fall approaches- and colder temperatures- leaves change color due to ____________ breaking down leaving the orange and yellow pigments to be revealed

Back 96

Chlorophyll