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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Taxonomy
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Study of classification including rules, principles, procedures and theory
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Biosystematics
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Classification of biological units using a nomenclatural system
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Phylogenetics
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Study of evolutionary relationships among taxa using molecular sequence data and/or morphological matrices
Ex: dna, rna, amino acids |
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Types of data used in systematics studies X7
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1. Morphological : based on fruit and floral structures
2. Physiological : photosynthetic pathways, chemosystematics 3. Behavioral : (ethological) pollination mechanisms 4. Geographical : where has occurred in the past and where is currently occurring 5. Ecological : soil pH, light quality, mycorrhizal relationship 6. Fossil : fossils and palynological(study of pollen) records 7. Molecular : nuclear, plastid, and mitochondrial dna |
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Outgroups
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Outside of ingroup, but is closely related
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Ingroups
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Particularly interested in studying
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Plesiomorphies
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Ancestral traits
Ex: backbone, hemoglobin |
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Plesiomorphies
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Ancestral traits
Ex: backbone, hemoglobin |
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Apomorphies
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Derived traits
Ex: fur, production of milk |
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Sister taxa
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Two groups that uniquely share a common ancestor
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Sister taxa
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Two groups that uniquely share a common ancestor
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Monophyletic group (clade)
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Consists of ancestors and all of its descendants
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Paraphyletic group
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Consists of an ancestor and some of its descendants
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Paraphyletic group
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Consists of an ancestor and some of its descendants
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Polyphyletic group
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Has at least one of the common ancestors of any two species in the group that is not part of the group
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Phylogenomics
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-mitochondrial genome
-nuclear genome -plastid genome Nuclear and plastid generally used |
