Plant Gas Exchange And Transport

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Fluid mosaic model

Back 1

Helps explain how membranes regulate the cells molecular tragic. It's a model for the woman's membranes

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Transport protein

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A transmembrane protein that helps a certain substance cross the membrane.

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Channel protein

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Allows a particular molecule or ion to cross the plasma membrane. A hydrophilic channel.

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Carrier protein

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Selectively interacts with special molecules or ion so that it can cross the plasma membrane. Protein Changes the shape to the ion and molecules.

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Diffusion

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The movement of molecules from a higher to lower concentration, until equilibrium is achieved. Random movement.

Diffuse of two solutes- solutes of two different dyes are separated by a membrane that is permeable to both. Each dye diffuses down its own concentration gradient, until it reaches equilibrium

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Concentration gradient

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Gradual change in chemical concentration from one point to another. No work is needed.

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Passive transport

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The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane without energy. High to low concentration.

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Osmosis

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Diffusion of water across a differently permeable membrane due to concentration differences.

When there's more solute on one side of the tube there will be more solute clumps that reduce water movement and the side with less solute clumps move water to the side with more solute clumps, to gain equilibrium.

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Tonicity

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The ability of a surrounding solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water. If there is a higher concentration of Nonpenetrating solutes in

The surrounding solution, water will leave the cell and vice versa

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Isotonic

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Cell neither gains or losses water. Both solutions have the same osmotic pressure across a membrane, allows for free movement of water across membrane without change in concentration

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Hypotonic

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Cell gains water. A cell placed in a hypotenuse solution, water enters cell; net movement of water is from out to in cell. Solution causes cell to swell or even burst, due to intake of water

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Hypertonic

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Cells loss water. If a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, water leaves the cell. Net movement of water is from the inside to outside of cell. Solution causes cell to shrink and shrivel due to water loss

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Osmoregulation

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Regulation of solute concentration and water balance by a cell or organism.

Ex. P.caudatum cell don't burst because it has a contractile vacuole, an organelle that functions as a bile pump to force water out of cell.

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Turgor pressure

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Force directed against a plant cell wall after influx of water and swelling of the cell due to osmosis. Opposes further water intake.

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Flaccid

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Limp, lacking turgor. Has a higher water potential that is surrounding, resulting in loss of water.

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Flaccid

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Limp, lacking turgor. Has a higher water potential that is surrounding, resulting in loss of water.

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Plasmolysis

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Causes plant to wilt and lead to plant death by plant cell shrivelled and plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall.

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Facilitated diffusion

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The passage of molecules or ions down their electrochemical gradient across a biological membrane with assistance of specific transmembrane transport proteins, requiring no energy

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Facilitated diffusion

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The passage of molecules or ions down their electrochemical gradient across a biological membrane with assistance of specific transmembrane transport proteins, requiring no energy. Speeds transport of solute by providing efficient passage through the membrane, but doesn't alter the direction of transport.

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Ion channel

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A transmembrane protein channel that allows a specific ion to Diffuse across the membrane down its concentration or electrochemical gradient

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Gated channels

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Opens and closes in response to an electrical stimulus

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Active transport

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Uses carrier protein and energy to move a substance into or out of a cell from low to high concentration.

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Gated channels

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Opens and closes in response to an electrical stimulus. A transmembrane protein channel.

Ex. Ion channel opens in response to an electrical stimulus, allowing a stream of potassium ions to leave the cell. This restores the ability for the cell to fire again.

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Sodium -potassium pump

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Exchanges Na+ for K+ across the plasma membrane of animal cells

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electrochemical gradient

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The diffusion gradient of an ion, which is affected by both the concentration differences of an ion across a membrane (a chemical force ) and the ions tendency to move relative to the membrane potential (electrical force)

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Shoot system

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The aerial portion of a plant body. Consisting of stems, leaves, and I'm angiosperms flowers

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Vegetative growth

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Production of no reproductive leaves, stems, and roots.

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Vegetative growth

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Production of no reproductive leaves, stems, and roots.

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Roots

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Keep plant anchored in place, but they also collect nutrients and water from soil. The root tissue acts as a storage organ for starch and other carbohydrates being deposited in the roots of overwintering plants, to supply sugar for plants breaking dormancy in spring.

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Taproot

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A main vertical root which develops from an embryonic root. This root gives rise to lateral roots- branched roots

Found in Eudicots and gynosperms

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Lateral roots

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Roots that extend from the taproot, these roots contribute to water uptake and extract nutrients from soil

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Fibrous root system

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Embryonic root does early and doesn't have a taproot, but has small roots emerging from the base of the stem. Each small root forms a lateral root.

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Fibrous root system

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Embryonic root does early and doesn't have a taproot, but has small roots emerging from the base of the stem. Each small root forms a lateral root. These roots don't penetrate deep into soil and adapt to shallow soils and Regina with rainfall is light

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Root hairs

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A tiny extension of a root epidermal cell, growing just behind the root tip and increasing SA for absorption of water and minerals.

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Stems

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An organ that raises and separated leaves, exposing them to sunlight. They also raise reproductive structures, facilitating dispersal of pollen and fruit

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Axillary bud

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A structure that can form a lateral shoot, known as a branch.

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Apical bud

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A bud located at the top of the plant