Plant Structure

Front 1

Monocots and Eudicots are groups found within the larger group _______________

Back 1

Angiosperms

Front 2

Secondary Growth is more characteristic of ___________

Back 2

Eudicots

Front 3

Which of the following is (are) true for a monocot?

A.) Leaf Veins are Reticulated

B.) Taproots are common

C.) Single Cotyledon

D.) Two of above

Back 3

*Single Cotyledon

-Veins Parallel

-Roots are adventitious

-Flower parts in multiples of three

-Vascular bundles scattered

-Secondary growth absent

Front 4

A carrot is a ___________

Back 4

Monocot

Front 5

Which of the following is (are) more representative of a eudicot than a monocot?

A.) soybeans

B.) grains

C.) Narrow leaves

D.) two of the above

Back 5

Soybeans

Front 6

Point on a stem where buds, leaves, and branches originate best describes a(n) ___________.

Back 6

Node

Front 7

A(n) ______________ is most directly associated with forming a new branch.

Back 7

Axillary Bud

Front 8

Bud scale scars __________.

Back 8

Provide a measure of annual growth

Front 9

Veins in a monocot leaf __________.

Back 9

Are generally parallel and contain xylem and phloem

Front 10

Relative to the primary cell wall, a secondary cell wall is ________ the plasma membrane of a plant cell.

Back 10

Closer to

Front 11

_____________ is a branched polysaccharide in plant-cell walls that cross-links microfibrils.

Back 11

Hemicellulose

Front 12

Guard cells and root hairs are __________ tissues.

Back 12

Dermal

Front 13

Derivatives of ground tissue include ____________.

Back 13

Sclereids and Parenchyma

Front 14

Provides flexible support for non-woody stems best describes ____________ cells.

Back 14

Collenchymal

Front 15

___________ contains the highest amount of lignin.

Back 15

Sclerenchyma

Front 16

The “strings” in celery primarily are composed of ___________.

Back 16

Collenchyma

Front 17

___________ are more closely associated with xylem than with phloem

Back 17

Vessel Elements

Front 18

A sieve-tube element ________________.

Back 18

Is part of the vascular tissue and contains cytoplasm

Front 19

Consist(s) of undifferentiated cells that continue to divide and differentiate into new tissues best describes ___________

Back 19

Meristems

Front 20

Apical meristems include _______________.

Back 20

Axillary Buds and Terminal buds

Front 21

Cells that form a root cap are derived most directly from a(n) ______________.

Back 21

Apical Meristems

Front 22

Root hairs develop from the ______________.

Back 22

Epidermis

Front 23

The endodermis ______________.

Back 23

Produces Suberin and is composed of xylem and phloem

Front 24

The stele of a root includes the ______________.

Back 24

Phloem and Pericycle

Front 25

Lateral roots develop from the:

Back 25

Pericycle

Front 26

Vascular bundles generally form a ring in ____________.

Back 26

Eudicots

Front 27

In eudicots, secondary xylem and phloem are derived from the ______________.

Back 27

Vascular Cambium

Front 28

Bark includes the ____________.

Back 28

Cork, Phloem, and Cork Cambium

Front 29

__________ wood is generally less dense.

Back 29

Spring

Front 30

The “wood” of a tree is mostly composed of ____________.

Back 30

xylem

Front 31

Which of the structures below is not a leaf cell?

Back 31

Cuticle and Pericycle

Front 32

Leaf veins consist of ____________.

Back 32

Xylem vessels and Phloem vessels

Front 33

Leaf epidermal hair cells that protect against insects and solar radiation are called __________.

Back 33

Trichomes

Front 34

Leaves primarily lose water to the atmosphere through ___________.

Back 34

Stomata

Front 35

_________ carries sucrose from leaves to other parts of the plant.

Back 35

Phloem

Front 36

A stalk that attaches a leaf to a stem is a:

Back 36

Petiole

Front 37

A _____________, characteristic of eudicots, consists of a primary root and lateral roots.

Back 37

Taproot

Front 38

Along a stem, there are multiple _____________ that are points where buds, leaves, and branches originate.

Back 38

Nodes

Front 39

The primary function of a(n) ____________________ is to form new branches.

Back 39

Oxillary Bud

Front 40

One-year of growth in a plant can be determined by measuring the distance between two_________________ on a stem.

Back 40

Bud Scale Scars

Front 41

A ________________ usually attaches a leaf to stem.

Back 41

Pedial

Front 42

_________________ is a layer between plant cells that is composed primarily of a glue-like substancethat is rich in pectin.

Back 42

Middle Lemela

Front 43

___________ is a polysaccharide found in plant cell walls that often is used for the gel of jams andjellies.

Back 43

Pectin

Front 44

Vascular plants develop from ground, vascular, and ________________ tissues

Back 44

Dermal

Front 45

_________________ is a type of ground tissue that provides flexible support for non-woody stems.

Back 45

Parenchyma

Front 46

Stone cells that are responsible for the gritty texture of some pears are groups of sclerenchymal cellscalled ___________________.

Back 46

Sclereids

Front 47

The end walls of sieve-tube elements are called ___________________.

Back 47

Sieve plates

Front 48

The “life-support system” of a sieve-tube cell is a ___________________ cell.

Back 48

Companion

Front 49

A ______________ is a group of undifferentiated cells that gives rise to new tissues for the life of theplant.

Back 49

Meristem

Front 50

The _________________ of a eudicot stem will give rise to new xylem and phloem.

Back 50

Vascular Cambium

Front 51

______________, which is the outer part of the bark, consists of thick-walled cells waterproofed withsuberin.

Back 51

Cork

Front 52

Photosynthesis in a leaf primarily occurs in the spongy and __________________ mesophyll cells.

Back 52

Palisade

Front 53

_____________ is a large group of seed-producing plants that includes conifers.

Back 53

Gymnosperm

Front 54

Describe three differences between monocots and eudicots.

Back 54

Monocot: Single Cotyledon, Veins parallel, and vascular bundles scattered

Eudicot: Two Cotyledons, Veins Reticulated, and Vascular bundles in a ring

Front 55

What are bud scales and why are they helpful in determining the yearly growth of a stem?

Back 55

Bud Scales are modified leaves protecting modified buds. They are helpful in determining the yearly growth of a stem because the distance between two scars shows one year's growth

Front 56

Name the polysaccharides that compose the primary cell wall of a plant, and describe the role of each.

Back 56

The polysaccharides that compose the primary cell wall of a plant are Cellulose, Hemicellulose and Pectins.

Roles:

Cellulose---Forms major microfibrils

Hemicellulose---Cross-link Microfibrils

Pectins----Gives Hextin

Front 57

Match numbers of the statements at right with cell types below. 1) flexible support for leaf petiole, 2)primary photosynthetic cells in leaves, 3) strings in celery, 4) stone cells, 5) highest amount of lignin, 6)ground tissue, 7) primary cell walls generally are thickened just at the corners, 8) storage of starch inroots

Collenchymal, Parenchymal, and Sclerenchymal

Back 57

Collenchymal Cells: 3, 6, 7

Parenchymal Cells: 1, 2, 6

Sclerenchymal Cells: 4, 5, 6

Front 58

Describe the structure (in detail) and function of phloem (including any associated cells).

Back 58

The Sieve tube retains cytoplasm, loses nucleus, and org.; connected end to end with sieve tube at the end. connected to companion cell for life support. Sieve tube transports carbs. Sieve plates have pores.

Front 59

Order the following root tissues from outside to inside: pericycle, cortex, xylem, epidermis, endodermis

Back 59

Order: Epidermis, Cortex, Endodermis, Pericycle, and Xylem

Front 60

Describe how secondary xylem, phloem, and new cork cambium are generated in a eudicot.

Back 60

Vascular Cambien generates xylem and phloem. -> Xylem to inside, and Phloem to outside of the stem.

Cork Cambium is formed from cells lying near the Secondary Phloem

Front 61

Describe the primary roles of the cuticle, palisade cells, guard cells, and trichomes in a leaf.

Back 61

The cuticle prevents water loss

Palisade Cells: Photosynthesis

Guard Cells: Opening and Closing Stimata

Trichomes: Protection from water loss, radiation, and insects