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50 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
propagation methods included under vegetative propagation



Grafting, Layering, Tissue Culture, Root Cuttings, Rhizomes, corms, bulbs, division

Principle use for vegetative propagation
Retaining specific characteristics, faster production than seed, seed propagation may be impractical
what is a clone?
Traditional method used to breed plants, Asexually propagation beginning with a single unique plant
Clones start by...

Interbreeding seeds, sometimes takes years to achieve desired qualities
Propagate by division
maintain characteristics such as flower color
A chimera is

A plant that has more than one cell type, some produce chlorophyll others don't giving it a two tone color
examples of chimera

starlight fig, nectarine

origin of chimeras

result of spontaneous mutations which occur in the outer layers of cells in the central zone of the apical meristem
mosaic
genetic mutations that do not begin in the apical meristem, usually affects one leaf not the whole plant
variegation is...

patterns of color or stripes



examples of variegation


chimeras, inherited trait, inherited random gene expression, combo chimera and inherited trait, virus, leaf blisters
inherited trait

starts in seed
to propagate a virus

must be from cuttings, general not harmful

leaf blister

silver color, open area in mesophyll full of water and air
reversion

if a flower started out orange turned red then back to orange

cork cambium

produces bark

meristem

unspecified cells that can change, growing tips of roots and shoots
examples of adventitious roots

preformed, wound induced
adventitious shoots are also known as
foliar embryos
herbaceous
soft plants, no secondary growth

softwood

no secondary growth
softwood has a high rooting potential but

susceptible to water stress, mist systems are good for these cuttings
summer and fall

best time to take cuttings from semi-hardwood is new growth has stopped growing
cuticle layer on semi hardwoods

less susceptible to water stress
use hardwood cuttings

when there is no means to combat water stress
dormant season
deciduous hardwood favorable time for cutting
leaf cuttings

whole blade, piece of blade, or has petiole can be used. depending on the plant
flat leaf cutting

face up-major veins cut must be in contact with moist medium
most plants

cant be propagated by leaf cuttings

leaf bud cutting

leaf blade, petiole, and a short piece of stem w/ auxillary bud
phylloclade
flattened, photosynthetic branch or stem that resembles or performs the function of the leaf-basic propagation unit of holiday cacti
choosing propagation medium
cost, availability, type of procedure/ cutting
soil, sand, perlite, peat moss, vermiculite, bark, synthetic plastic aggregates
types of propagation media
air layering

plants forms roots on a stem while still connected to mother plant

air layer when

mist systems are unavailable

air layering stimulates root growth because

removing phloem causes carbs & auxin build up at the top of the girdle. removing cambium prevents wound healing...keep xylem for water flow
purpose of rooting hormones

stimulate hard to root species, speed up rooting, increase the uniformity

auxin

naturally occurring rooting hormone involved in controlling growth processes
meristematic

cells or tissue capable of division
differentiated

process of cells becoming specialized
adventitious roots

a root growing from a location other than underground
preformed roots

occur naturally on the stem while still attached to the parent plant, like those that's vines attach to trees with
epiphytes

plants that grow on other plants w/o causing harm, they have adventitious roots to help it climb and absorb water and nutrients

prop roots

help support plant/ keep it upright

2 main types of roots

seedling roots and adventitious roots

wound induced adventitious roots

form in response to cuttings and is caused by root stress
etiolation

process of flowering plants grown in partial or complete absence of light, characterized by long weak stems

adventitious roots in potted plants

crowded, high humidity, or overwatering force adventitious roots to form as a survival method
stolon

arial stem