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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What disease can be avoided by using transplants?
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damping off
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What effects do weeds cause?
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allelopathy, moisture and fertilizer losses, occupy space, create stagnant air pockets, sources of viruses, vectors, soil-borne pathogens and predators
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What are the effects of over-irrigation?
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wastes water, leach fertilizer, promote disease outbreaks
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What principles would you use for irrigation?
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1) Don't want to extend wet period with irrigation
2) Don't irrigate late in afternoon or early in morning 3) On turf, early irrigation is good to bead dew off in morning 4) irrigation is used to cool soil |
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What are the major rules with respect to directly working with or touching crops?
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1) Avoid wet- likely to be brittle, injured and helps move pathogens
2) Avoid cold- tend to be brittle 3) Avoid windy- spray drift 4) Avoid rough handling |
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What should be done at harvest to prevent disease?
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1) minimize wounds
2) move promptly 3) avoid high temperatures 4) avoid low temperatures 5) avoid rainfall |
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What management techniques can be used for the market?
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- know the shelf-life of your product
- don't try to sell to markets beyond the reach of your product - do use a transportation system that you can trust - do use load temperature sensors |
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Give a disease that dodine can control.
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Apple or pear scab
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What is the mode-of-action for dodine and glyodin?
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effect the cell membranes, evidence is electrolyte leakage
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What is the definition of resistance?
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an inherited characteristic in a plant that has the ability to overcome, partially or completely, the effect of a pathogen or damaging agent
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Give one accomplishment of one person in the history of resistance.
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Theophrastus observed that not all kinds and varieties of plants developed the same amount of disease
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What is a hypersensitive response?
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gene product in host binds with protein produced by pathogen which initiates a series of reactions including the rupture of the tonoplast, synthesis of phytoalexins and rupture of plasmalemma.
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What are characteristics of vertical resistance?
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- Monogenic
- Env doesn't affect - Pathogen doesn't affect - durability can be limited - differential - large effect - development of resistant cultivars is relatively easy |
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What is a hypersensitive response?
|
gene product in host binds with protein produced by pathogen which initiates a series of reactions including the rupture of the tonoplast, synthesis of phytoalexins and rupture of plasmalemma.
|
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What are sources of vertical resistance genes in traditional plant breeding?
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- survivor selection
- selections from different geographic regions - wild plants of same species - related plants |
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What is a hypersensitive response?
|
gene product in host binds with protein produced by pathogen which initiates a series of reactions including the rupture of the tonoplast, synthesis of phytoalexins and rupture of plasmalemma.
|
|
What are characteristics of vertical resistance?
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- Monogenic
- Env doesn't affect - Pathogen doesn't affect - durability can be limited - differential - large effect - development of resistant cultivars is relatively easy |
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What are some effects of horizontal resistance?
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- spores are not as efficient
- not as many potential infection courts in host - lesions do not expand as rapidly - fewer spores produced per lesion |
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What are sources of vertical resistance genes in traditional plant breeding?
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- survivor selection
- selections from different geographic regions - wild plants of same species - related plants |
|
What are characteristics of horizontal resistance?
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- Polygenic
- env can affect (nema, heat, lack of O2, clouds) - resistance masked when env, path pop or host pop are highly favorable - non-differential - durable - small effect |
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What are some effects of horizontal resistance?
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- spores are not as efficient
- not as many potential infection courts in host - lesions do not expand as rapidly - fewer spores produced per lesion |
|
What are characteristics of vertical resistance?
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- Monogenic
- Env doesn't affect - Pathogen doesn't affect - durability can be limited - differential - large effect - development of resistant cultivars is relatively easy |
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What structural factors and preformed chemicals make up horizontal resistance?
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- Structure- tomato stem scars have small pores and water carrying pathogens can't enter
- preformed chemicals- onion skin color - cell wall structure- silicates - synthesis of toxic chemicals- phytoalexins - trigger wound healing response- oxidize phenols to quinones, callose, tyloses, suberin, cork, abscission |
|
What are characteristics of horizontal resistance?
|
- Polygenic
- env can affect (nema, heat, lack of O2, clouds) - resistance masked when env, path pop or host pop are highly favorable - non-differential - durable - small effect |
|
What are sources of vertical resistance genes in traditional plant breeding?
|
- survivor selection
- selections from different geographic regions - wild plants of same species - related plants |
|
What are some effects of horizontal resistance?
|
- spores are not as efficient
- not as many potential infection courts in host - lesions do not expand as rapidly - fewer spores produced per lesion |
|
What structural factors and preformed chemicals make up horizontal resistance?
|
- Structure- tomato stem scars have small pores and water carrying pathogens can't enter
- preformed chemicals- onion skin color - cell wall structure- silicates - synthesis of toxic chemicals- phytoalexins - trigger wound healing response- oxidize phenols to quinones, callose, tyloses, suberin, cork, abscission |
|
What are characteristics of horizontal resistance?
|
- Polygenic
- env can affect (nema, heat, lack of O2, clouds) - resistance masked when env, path pop or host pop are highly favorable - non-differential - durable - small effect |
|
What is a hypersensitive response?
|
gene product in host binds with protein produced by pathogen which initiates a series of reactions including the rupture of the tonoplast, synthesis of phytoalexins and rupture of plasmalemma.
|
|
What structural factors and preformed chemicals make up horizontal resistance?
|
- Structure- tomato stem scars have small pores and water carrying pathogens can't enter
- preformed chemicals- onion skin color - cell wall structure- silicates - synthesis of toxic chemicals- phytoalexins - trigger wound healing response- oxidize phenols to quinones, callose, tyloses, suberin, cork, abscission |
|
What are characteristics of vertical resistance?
|
- Monogenic
- Env doesn't affect - Pathogen doesn't affect - durability can be limited - differential - large effect - development of resistant cultivars is relatively easy |
|
What is a hypersensitive response?
|
gene product in host binds with protein produced by pathogen which initiates a series of reactions including the rupture of the tonoplast, synthesis of phytoalexins and rupture of plasmalemma.
|
|
What are sources of vertical resistance genes in traditional plant breeding?
|
- survivor selection
- selections from different geographic regions - wild plants of same species - related plants |
|
What are characteristics of vertical resistance?
|
- Monogenic
- Env doesn't affect - Pathogen doesn't affect - durability can be limited - differential - large effect - development of resistant cultivars is relatively easy |
|
What are some effects of horizontal resistance?
|
- spores are not as efficient
- not as many potential infection courts in host - lesions do not expand as rapidly - fewer spores produced per lesion |
|
What are sources of vertical resistance genes in traditional plant breeding?
|
- survivor selection
- selections from different geographic regions - wild plants of same species - related plants |
|
What are characteristics of horizontal resistance?
|
- Polygenic
- env can affect (nema, heat, lack of O2, clouds) - resistance masked when env, path pop or host pop are highly favorable - non-differential - durable - small effect |
|
What are some effects of horizontal resistance?
|
- spores are not as efficient
- not as many potential infection courts in host - lesions do not expand as rapidly - fewer spores produced per lesion |
|
What structural factors and preformed chemicals make up horizontal resistance?
|
- Structure- tomato stem scars have small pores and water carrying pathogens can't enter
- preformed chemicals- onion skin color - cell wall structure- silicates - synthesis of toxic chemicals- phytoalexins - trigger wound healing response- oxidize phenols to quinones, callose, tyloses, suberin, cork, abscission |
|
What are characteristics of horizontal resistance?
|
- Polygenic
- env can affect (nema, heat, lack of O2, clouds) - resistance masked when env, path pop or host pop are highly favorable - non-differential - durable - small effect |
|
What structural factors and preformed chemicals make up horizontal resistance?
|
- Structure- tomato stem scars have small pores and water carrying pathogens can't enter
- preformed chemicals- onion skin color - cell wall structure- silicates - synthesis of toxic chemicals- phytoalexins - trigger wound healing response- oxidize phenols to quinones, callose, tyloses, suberin, cork, abscission |