Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is Plant Breeding?
|
The use of "tools and Techniques" for the selection of desirable plant types
|
|
Successful plant breeders must:
|
1. Create Variability
2. Identify Superior Plants 3. Select Improved Plant Type |
|
Who discovered hybrid vigor?
|
the Reid Brothers
|
|
Who came up with the Burbank potato?
|
Luther Burbank
|
|
Who discovered Heredity?
|
Gregor Mendel
|
|
Who investigated the origins of cultivated plants?
|
Nikolai I. Vavilov
|
|
How many areas of the world did Vavilov propose cultivated crops came from?
|
8
|
|
What is the system that maintains ancestral variaties of crop and fruit plants?
|
National Plant Germplasm System
|
|
Where is the "Doomsday Vault" located?
|
north of Norway's mainland
|
|
This is the formation of the pollen grain. How many nuclei does it have?
|
Microsporogenesis, 2 nuclei
|
|
This is the formation of the Embryo Sac. How many nuclei does it have?
|
Megasporogenesis. 8 Nuclei
|
|
A gamete receives 1 allele from the pair of alleles possessed by an organism
|
rule of segregation
|
|
Alleles of one gene can segregate independently of alleles of other genes
|
Rule of independent assortment
|
|
How many distinct phenotypic classes are there in complete dominance?
|
2
|
|
How many distinct phenotypic classes are there in incomplete dominance?
|
3
|
|
in this type of gene action both alleles "add" to the phenotype
|
additive
|
|
in this gene action one gene can turn off another
|
epistatic
|
|
This is when you cross siblings of an organism together
|
Full-Sib mating
|
|
this is when you cross two plants but it is uncertain whom the second plant is
|
Half-Sib Mating
|
|
What is the formula for selfing?
|
F=1/2(1+F’)
|
|
What is the formula for Full Sib Mating?
|
F=1/4(1+2F’+F’’)
|
|
What is the formula for Half sib mating?
|
F=1/8(1+6F’+F’’)
|
|
What if the formula for the number of Completely Homozygous genotypes in any generation at different # of Loci?
|
[[(2^G)-1]/[2^G]]^L
|
|
This is when you grow out progeny and observe phenotypes
|
progeny test
|
|
This is when you cross seed to a parent which is known (Homozygous Recessive)
|
testcross
|
|
This form of plant breeding is based on phenotypic selection in a heterogenous population.
It is also the oldest breeding method for crop improvement |
Mass selection
|
|
This method of plant breeding uses inbreeding a segregating population.
Used mostly in self pollinators can take advantage of natural selection |
bulk population
|
|
This breeding method is the useful handling segregation of generations following initial cross
|
pedigree selection
|
|
This method of breeding is progress towards homozygosity by selfing, usually in self fertilized crops
|
single seed descent
|
|
This system of plant breeding is the systematic selection of desirable individuals from a population.
Used extensively and effectively in cross-fertilized crops |
Recurrent selection
|
|
This is the method of breeding where you estimate the genetic potential of an individual or population at an early stage of inbreeding
|
early generation testing
|
|
Phenotypic variation is not continuous, and can be separated into discrete classes
|
qualitative trait
|
|
phenotypic variation is continuous, and cannot be separated into discrete classes`
|
quantitative trait
|
|
an organism with more then 2 sets of chromosomes in its body cells
|
polyploids
|
|
this is the condition where an organism has multiple complete sets of chromosomes
|
Euploidy
|
|
what is the name of the chemical used to induce mutation?
|
colchocine
|
|
This is the condition where an organism is missing or has an extra single or more chromosomes
|
Aneuploidy
|
|
an individual that receives it's genetic material from two or more species
|
alloploid
|
|
this is a mutation stemming from a somatic cell and not from a gamete or gametes
|
somatic mutation
|
|
The theory that a heterozygote is superior to a homozygote
|
Overdominance Theory
|
|
This theory states that every gene in a plant that codes for resistance, there is a corresponding gene in the pathogen that does not
|
gene for gene theory
|