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76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Abscisic Acid |
A plant growth hormone that has a variety of effects |
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Actogram |
A type of graph or chart commonly used in circadian research to plot activity (present or absent) against time |
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Agonistic |
Intraspecific behaviour that alternates between attack and escape |
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Antagonist |
Something opposing or in conflict with another |
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Arrhythmic |
No regular pattern found in organisms in unchanging habitats eg caves |
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Auxin |
A plant hormone regulating growth by effecting cell elongation |
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Batesian Mimicry |
Resemblance of a harmless species to one that is poisonous |
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Biological Clock |
The set of mechanisms within living organisms that link physiological processes with daily, monthly, or seasonal cycles or with stages of development and ageing |
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Biological Orientation |
The change in position of the whole or part of an organism in response to a stimulus, such as light. |
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Camouflage (Crypsis) |
Concealment method in which animal is coloured to match it's environment |
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Chemo- |
Being effected by a chemical |
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Circadian |
A cyclical variation (rhythm) that lasts approximately 24 hours under constant environmental condition |
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Circannual |
A cyclical variation (rhythm) that lasts approximately a year under constant environmental condition |
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Courtship |
Series of signals exchanged between male and female ending in mating |
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Crepuscular |
Most active at dusk and dawn |
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Critical Day Length |
The photoperiod above which long-day plants flower and below which short day plant flower |
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Cytokinins |
A group of plant hormones retarding ageing, promoting cell division and bud formation, sometimes promoting flowering and breaking dormancy |
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Diapause |
A delay at some stage in the development of an arthropod, caused by stimuli indicating a change in environmental conditions and ended by specific stimuli |
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Diurnal |
Most active during the day |
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Dormancy |
A state of temporarily reduced metabolism |
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Effectors |
A cell or organs that responds to a stimuli |
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Endogenous |
Caused by internal factors that are independent of external stimuli |
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Entrainment |
The process of resetting an internal clock so that it is synchronised with environmental rhythms |
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Exogenous |
Caused by external stimuli |
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Free-running |
A rhythm is free-running when it is proceeding independently of external changes |
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Geo- |
Caused by gravity |
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Geomagnetic Cues |
Using the earths’ magnetic field for orientation |
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Hibernation |
A period of dormancy of animals during seasonal cold conditions, generally to survive a lack of food |
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Home Range |
A set area which animals seldom leave |
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Homing |
The ability of an animal to find its way home over unfamiliar territory |
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Hormones |
Chemical secreted into a plant or animal and transported to another part where it affects growth or activity |
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Innate |
Behaviour coded for by genes |
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Instinct |
Complex behaviour that is not modified by experience |
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Interspecific |
Relationship/interaction between members of different species |
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Intraspecific |
Relationship/interaction between members of the same species |
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K-Strategist |
Organisms who produce and care for a small number of offspring |
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Kinesis |
An orientation movement of an animal in which the stimulus governs the rate, but not the direction of movement |
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Learned |
Behaviour that is modified by experienced |
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Learning |
Behaviour that is modified by experience |
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Lek |
Area in which males (usually birds) congregate to mate with females |
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Long Day Plant |
A plant that flowers when day-length exceeds a certain minimum length |
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Meristem |
Continuous growth area in plants (apical bud; root tip) |
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Migration |
The regular mass movement of members of a species for breeding and back again |
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Mimicry |
The similarity in appearance of one species of animal to another that affords it protection from predators |
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Mullerian Mimicry |
Mimicry between unpalatable species |
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Nastic Responses |
Response of a plant organ to a non-directional environmental stimulus |
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Navigation |
Determining one's position relative to other locations |
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Nocturnal |
Most active at night |
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Optic Lobes |
Part of the brain that contains primary visual centers |
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Ortho-/Klino Kinesis |
Orientation responses in which the strength of the stimulus controls the rate of linear movement (ortho) or rate of turning (klinoO |
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Pair Bond |
A stable relationship between animals of opposite sex that ensures mating |
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Parental Care |
Investment of resources by parents in the survival of offspring |
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Pecking Order |
A social hierarchy led by an Alpha individual |
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Phase Shift |
A phase of a rhythm is shifted so that entrainment occurs |
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Pheromone |
Chemical used as a signal to other members of the same species |
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Photo- |
Response to light |
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Phytochrome |
A pigment found in most plants that acts as the light receptor |
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Pigment |
A natural substance in plant or animal tissue that gives it its colour |
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Pineal Gland |
Small gland at the top of the brain stem that secretes a hormone |
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Polyandry |
The practice of a female mating with more than one male in a breeding season |
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Polygamy |
The practice of random mating with more than one member of the opposite sex during a breed season |
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Polygynandry |
An organised social system in which during a breeding season a female mates with several males and a male mates with several females within the social group |
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Polygyny |
Occurs when a male mates with more than one female |
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Precocial Young |
Young born in an advanced state, with eyes open |
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R-Strategist |
Organism which produces a large number of offspring but gives them little care |
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Receptors |
A cell or organ able to detect changes in the environment |
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Short Day Plant |
A plant that flowers when day-length is less than a certain minimum length |
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Star Compass |
Using the stars to navigate |
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Stimulus |
An aspect or change in an individual’s external or internal environment that causes some sort of response |
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Sun Compass |
Using the sun to navigate |
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Taxes |
Directional movement in an animal towards or away from a stimulus |
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Territory |
Area that is defended by an animal |
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Thigmo- |
Response to touch |
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Tropisms |
A plant growth response to an external direction stimulus causing the plant to curve towards to away from the stimulus |
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Vernalisation |
Induction of flowering by a period of chilling |
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Zeitgeber |
An external environmental cue used to synchronise rhythmic behaviours with external events |