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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Psychology |
The scientific study of behavior and the mind |
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Goal: description |
describe how people behave, think, and feel |
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Goal: explain |
understand and explain why people act as they do |
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Goal: control |
controlled design of experiments to test whether proposed explanations are accurate |
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Goal: apply |
apply psychological knowledge in ways that enhance human welfare |
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Basic research |
reflects the quest for knowledge for its own sake |
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Applied research |
designed to solve specific, practical problems |
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Mind-body interaction examples |
mental picture of food=hunger, positive thoughts in a challenging situation=stay calm, dwelling on negative thoughts=stimulate the release of stress hormones |
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Structuralism |
analysis of the mind in terms of its basic elements (of consciousness), established by Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener |
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Functionalism |
study the functions of consciousness instead of its elements, lead by William James |
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Psychodynamic perspective |
searches for the causes of behavior within the inner workings of personality (traits, emotions, motives), emphasizing the role of unconscious processes |
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psychoanalysis |
the analysis of internal and primarily unconscious psychological forces |
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behavioral perspective |
focuses on the role of the external environment in governing our actions (Pavlov's dogs) |
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B.F. Skinner |
behaviorist who believes the real causes of behavior reside in the outer world |
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Humanistic perspective |
emphasized free will, personal growth, and the attempt to find meaning in one's existence; importance of personal choice, responsibility, positive feelings of self-worth; Abraham Maslow proposed self-actualization, reaching of one's individual potential |
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Cognitive perspective |
examines the nature of the mind and how mental processes influence behavior |
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Gestalt psychology |
the mind organizes elements of experience to a unified or whole perception |
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Sociocultural perspective |
examines how the social environment and cultural learning influence our behavior, thoughts, and feelings |
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Individualism |
empahsis on personal goals and self-identity based primarily on one's own attributes and achievements |
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Collectivism |
Individual goals are subordinated to those of the group and personal identity is defined largely by the ties that bind one to the extended family and other social groups |
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Biological perspective |
examines how brain processes and other bodily functions regulate behavior |
