Pipeline

Front 1

Crude oil pipelines are subdivided into the categories of crude oil gathering lines and crude oil distribution lines.

True or False

Back 1

False

Front 2

The refined products pipelines value chain begins at refineries and ends at petroleum products__________.

Back 2

terminals

Front 3

Products move down the pipeline in batches.

True or False

Back 3

True

Front 4

Compressor stations at gas plants or gathering systems _______ the pressure of the natural gas to move or inject the gas into the main line.

Back 4

boost

Front 5

Often used to describe products moved via pipeline, _________ also means “interchangeable.”

Back 5

fungible

Front 6

In most cases in the US, the natural gas transmission lines never actually own the natural gas. They simply transport the natural gas for a fee.

True or False

Back 6

True

Front 7

Col. Edwin Drake is generally credited with drilling the first oil well in__________.

Back 7

Titusville, Pennsylvania

Front 8

Early oil producers loaded their product, crude oil, into_________ for transport via horse-drawn wagons.

Back 8

barrels

Front 9

An early pipeline near Pithole, PA, featured 2-inch wrought iron pipe that had _____ joints to deter leaks.

Back 9

threaded

Front 10

_______ is separated from crude oil before the crude oil is transportable and marketable.

Back 10

Natural gas

Front 11

In 1879, the Tidewater Pipeline Company completed the first crude oil __________ line from western Pennsylvania to Williamsport, PA.

Back 11

trunk

Front 12

Devices used to clean pipelines are called ____________.

Back 12

pigs

Front 13

In the 1870s railroads believed pipelines threatened their long-haul business.

True or False

Back 13

True

Hint 13

False

Front 14

During the Second World War, a 24-inch diameter crude oil pipeline called the ____ was built from Texas to Philadelphia.

Back 14

Big Inch Line

Front 15

The general physical principles governing natural gas and oil pipelines are the same, but natural gas is many times more ________ than oil.

Back 15

compressible

Front 16

In a _________ system, the fluid enters and leaves the system from multiple points since the product is all the same and the consumers do not care where it originates.

Back 16

hydrant

Front 17

Strictly speaking, __________ is the quantity of a fluid expressed in terms of mass per unit volume.

Back 17

density

Front 18

Diesel has a higher API gravity than gasoline.

True or False

Back 18

False

Front 19

_______ lines move only one product, such as jet fuel going to an airport.

Back 19

Dedicated

Front 20

The Standard Oil Act declared all interstate oil pipelines to be regulated common carriers.

True or False

Back 20

False

Front 21

In what year was the massive oil field discovered near Prudhoe Bay, Alaska? _________

Back 21

1968

Front 22

In what year was the massive oil field discovered near Prudhoe Bay, Alaska? _________

Back 22

1968

Front 23

The oil companies formed a partnership known collectively as Alyeska, an Aleut word for Alaska meaning _____________.

Back 23

great land

Front 24

In what year was the massive oil field discovered near Prudhoe Bay, Alaska? _________

Back 24

1968

Front 25

The oil companies formed a partnership known collectively as Alyeska, an Aleut word for Alaska meaning _____________.

Back 25

great land

Front 26

The Alaska Pipeline is approximately ______ miles long.

Back 26

800

Front 27

In what year was the massive oil field discovered near Prudhoe Bay, Alaska? _________

Back 27

1968

Front 28

The oil companies formed a partnership known collectively as Alyeska, an Aleut word for Alaska meaning _____________.

Back 28

great land

Front 29

The Alaska Pipeline is approximately ______ miles long.

Back 29

800

Front 30

What is the diameter of the Alaska Pipeline? __________

Back 30

48 inches

Front 31

What was the cost of constructing the Alaska Pipeline? ___________

Back 31

9 billion

Front 32

The United States purchased Alaska from __________ for $7 million.

Back 32

Russia

Front 33

Alaska became a state in ______.

Back 33

1959

Front 34

Who drilled the first modern oil well in the 1850s in Pennsylvania? _______

Back 34

Edwin Drake

Front 35

Until the internal combustion engine was invented in the late 1800s, _________ was considered a waste product.

Back 35

gasoline

Front 36

During the 1990s, ______ percent of all oil used by Americans passed through the Alaskan oil pipeline.

Back 36

10

Front 37

Much of the route of the Alaskan pipeline is covered with soft, silty soil infused with ice known as _________.

Back 37

permafrost

Front 38

Much of the route of the Alaskan pipeline is covered with soft, silty soil infused with ice known as _________.

Back 38

permafrost

Front 39

The Alaskan pipeline is designed to withstand an earthquake of a magnitude up to _________ on the Richter scale.

Back 39

8.5

Front 40

How many people died while building the Alaska pipeline?

Back 40

31

Front 41

Oil began to flow in the Alaska pipeline for the first time in what year?

Back 41

1977

Front 42

In March 1989, the tanker named _______ spilled nearly 11 million gallons of oil into Prince William Sound.

Back 42

Exxon Valdez

Front 43

Environmentalists think of _____ as the lease offensive fossil fuel.

Back 43

natural gas

Front 44

Environmentalists think of _____ as the lease offensive fossil fuel.

Back 44

natural gas

Front 45

Natural gas has a distinctive odor.

True or False

Back 45

False

Front 46

Natural gas pipelines are composed of gathering lines, main lines, and _______ lines.

Back 46

local distribution

Front 47

Natural gas pipelines are composed of gathering lines, main lines, and _______ lines.

Back 47

local distribution

Front 48

The textbook contains a long discussion of pipelines to individual homes.

True or False

Back 48

False

Front 49

While ______ is composed of relatively large larger molecules, raw gas is a mixture of relatively smaller hydrocarbon molecules.

Back 49

crude oil

Front 50

While ______ is composed of relatively large larger molecules, raw gas is a mixture of relatively smaller hydrocarbon molecules.

Back 50

crude oil

Front 51

Lines from the well to separators are normally called _______.

Back 51

flow lines

Front 52

Natural gas lines are designed with low spots called ________.

Back 52

drips

Front 53

Natural gas lines are designed with low spots called ________.

Back 53

drips

Front 54

Locations where a number of pipelines interconnect are called pipeline __________.

Back 54

hubs

Front 55

What does the acronym “LDC” stand for? __________

Back 55

Local Distribution Company

Front 56

Natural gas pipeline control rooms use different communication and control technologies than do oil pipeline control rooms.

True or False

Back 56

False

Front 57

Natural gas pipeline control rooms use different communication and control technologies than do oil pipeline control rooms.

True or False

Back 57

False

Front 58

Natural gas pipeline schedulers work with estimates or forecasts (called ______).

Back 58

nominations

Front 59

Natural gas pipeline control rooms use different communication and control technologies than do oil pipeline control rooms.

True or False

Back 59

False

Front 60

Natural gas pipeline schedulers work with estimates or forecasts (called ______).

Back 60

nominations

Front 61

The acronym “MAOP” stands for _______.

Back 61

Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure

Front 62

Natural gas pipeline control rooms use different communication and control technologies than do oil pipeline control rooms.

True or False

Back 62

False

Front 63

Natural gas pipeline schedulers work with estimates or forecasts (called ______).

Back 63

nominations

Front 64

The acronym “MAOP” stands for _______.

Back 64

Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure

Front 65

Natural gas pipeline operators want pipeline pressures as high as safely allowable.

True or False

Back 65

True

Front 66

Natural gas pipeline control rooms use different communication and control technologies than do oil pipeline control rooms.

True or False

Back 66

False

Front 67

Natural gas pipeline schedulers work with estimates or forecasts (called ______).

Back 67

nominations

Front 68

The acronym “MAOP” stands for _______.

Back 68

Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure

Front 69

Natural gas pipeline operators want pipeline pressures as high as safely allowable.

True or False

Back 69

True

Front 70

Producers and others delivering into the natural gas pipeline want low pressures.

Back 70

True

Front 71

Natural gas pipeline control rooms use different communication and control technologies than do oil pipeline control rooms.

True or False

Back 71

False

Front 72

Natural gas pipeline schedulers work with estimates or forecasts (called ______).

Back 72

nominations

Front 73

The acronym “MAOP” stands for _______.

Back 73

Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure

Front 74

Natural gas pipeline operators want pipeline pressures as high as safely allowable.

True or False

Back 74

True

Front 75

Producers and others delivering into the natural gas pipeline want low pressures.

Back 75

True

Front 76

______ connect wellheads to manifolds.

Back 76

Jumpers

Front 77

______ are pipes connecting a tree, a pipeline, or a manifold, all on the sea floor, to the top of a production platform.

Back 77

Risers

Front 78

______ are pipes connecting a tree, a pipeline, or a manifold, all on the sea floor, to the top of a production platform.

Back 78

Risers

Front 79

Undersea pipeline laying comes in four self-descriptive configurations:

Back 79

1. S-lay

2. J-lay

3. reel barge

4. tow-in

Front 80

Environmentalists think of ______ as the lease offensive fossil fuel.

Back 80

natural gas

Front 81

Environmentalists think of ______ as the lease offensive fossil fuel.

Back 81

natural gas

Front 82

Natural gas has a distinctive odor.

True or False

Back 82

False

Front 83

Environmentalists think of ______ as the lease offensive fossil fuel.

Back 83

natural gas

Front 84

Natural gas has a distinctive odor.

True or False

Back 84

False

Front 85

Natural gas pipelines are composed of gathering lines, main lines, and _____ lines.

Back 85

local distribution

Front 86

Lines from the well to separators are normally called ___________.

Back 86

flow lines

Front 87

Natural gas pipeline schedulers work with estimates or forecast (called _________).

Back 87

nominations

Front 88

“SCADA” stands for ________.

Back 88

Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition

Front 89

“SCADA” stands for ________.

Back 89

Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition

Front 90

SCADA systems are unique to pipelines.

True or False

Back 90

False

Front 91

Adding ________ to a SCADA system eliminates single points of failure.

Back 91

redundancy

Front 92

For “report by exception,” a device reports only a change in value or status.

True or False

Back 92

True

Front 93

For “report by exception,” a device reports only a change in value or status.

True or False

Back 93

True

Front 94

SCADA operating data fit into three categories: parameter values, _________, and other nonparametric data.

Back 94

device status

Front 95

______ is the transmission time for data to move from the remote device to the host system.

Back 95

communications latency

Front 96

______ is the transmission time for data to move from the remote device to the host system.

Back 96

communications latency

Front 97

Reports capture events and commands and are an important part of the historic database for troubleshooting, optimizing processes, and training.

True or False

Back 97

False

Front 98

Large leaks are normally called ruptures.

True or False

Back 98

True

Front 99

Small leaks are called _______.

Back 99

pin holes

Front 100

What does the acronym “INGAA” stand for?

Back 100

Interstate Natural Gas Association of America

Front 101

What does the acronym “INGAA” stand for?

Back 101

Interstate Natural Gas Association of America

Front 102

Protecting against theft is a security issue and the textbook discusses it in depth.

True or False

Back 102

False

Front 103

The most common type of corrosion to pipelines is _________ corrosion.

Back 103

galvanic

Front 104

_______ occurs when one type of soil moves more or less than a nearby soil type.

Back 104

Aseismic faulting

Front 105

______ is a way to stop corrosion by reversing the flow of electrons, making them flow towards the pipe.

Back 105

Cathodic protection

Front 106

The definition of risk used in this book is: Risk = Probability x Consequences.

True or False

Back 106

True

Front 107

The ______ method of establishing rates involves understanding the rates charged by competing forms of transportation.

Back 107

cost of alternative transportation

Front 108

most line pipe is made by one of two methods: ______ or bending.

Back 108

piercing

Front 109

Plastic and fiberglass are examples of ________ (not iron-based) types of pipe.

Back 109

nonferrous

Front 110

_____, a special class of wrap, are much like tape but heat is used to apply them.

Back 110

Shrink sleeves

Front 111

_____, a special class of wrap, are much like tape but heat is used to apply them.

Back 111

Shrink sleeves

Front 112

To slide a flat piece of metal across an opening to close it is the principle of a _______ valve.

Back 112

gate

Front 113

______ valves allow flow in only one direction.

Back 113

Check

Front 114

The devices that mount on valves to open or close them are ________.

Back 114

actuators

Front 115

Pumps are used in oil service. ______ handle natural gas.

Back 115

Compressors

Front 116

Pumps are used in oil service. ______ handle natural gas.

Back 116

Compressors

Front 117

_____ involves installing a control valve on the discharge of the pump. The valve creates additional friction loss in the system by pinching down on the flow.

Back 117

Throttling

Front 118

Engines, electric motors, and turbines are examples of pipeline ______.

Back 118

prime movers