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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
excretion
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elimination of drugs from body via kidneys, urine, lungs, exocrine glands (sweat), skin, intestines, mammaries, salivary glands
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half life
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time of half the drug to be eliminated
most drugs are eliminated after 4 half lives |
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steady state/ peak concentration
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absorption rate=excretion rate
not always same as time of peak response |
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duration
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length of time of therapeutic effect
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onset of action
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time from administration to therapeutic effect
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agonist drug
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has affinity for and stimulates receptor
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antagonist drug
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has affinity for receptor but no intrinsic activity
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competitive antagonist
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competes with agonist for receptor sites and can be overpowered by increased does of agonist
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non-competitive agtagonist
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irreversibly binds to receptors and can't be overpowered by agonist
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non-selective drug
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acts on a variety of receptors with multiple widespread effects
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potency
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relative amount of drug required to produce desired response
(drug x is more potent than drug y if it produces same effect at lower dose) |
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maximum effect
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increase in dose yields little or no increase in response
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therapeutic effect
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"margin of safety" - ratio between therapeutic effects vs adverse effects
higher number is safer |
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empiric therapy
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based on practical experience rather than pure scientific data
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supportive therapy
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doesn't treat cause of disease but maintains other threatened systems
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drug tolerance
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decreased response to drug over time
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drug dependence
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physical or psychological dependence on drug
displays withdrawal when dc'd |
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additive effects
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drugs with similar effects
one drug adds to the effect of the other |
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synergistic interaction
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one drug multiplies effect of other
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potentiation
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specific type of synergism
2 drugs with different actions one drugs action is made greater with presence of other |
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antagonistic drug interaction
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combined effect is less than either drug alone
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drug interaction - absorption
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drugs that change stomach ph can affect another drug's ability to dissolve
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drug interaction - protein binding
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2 drugs compete for binding sites increasing effects of diplaced unbound drug
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drug interaction - excretion
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toxic drug levels occur when metabolism and excretion are inhibited by another drug
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iatrogenic effects
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mimic pathological disorders
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idiosyncratic response
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related to pts genetic makeup
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toxicity
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ADR caused by excessive dosing
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allergic reaction
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immune response - must be prior sensitization
intensity determined by degree of sensitization not dose |
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anaphylactic reaction
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severe allergic reaction that affects almost all body systems
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teratogenic effect
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drug induced birth defect
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pregnancy
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hepatic metabolism and glomerular filtration increase - may need higher doses - 1st trimester gross malformations 2-3 trim functional impairments
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pediatrics
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neonates (1st 4 wks) drug response is slower than adults
1 mo - 12 yrs faster than adults |
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geriatric
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organ decline slows things down
adverse reactions much more common non adherence is common - most is intentional |