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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Aim?
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To investigate in a natural setting, factors that may influence bystander behaviour
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Participants
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4450
Travelling on 8th avenue express 59th and 125th street 11am to 3pm |
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Confederates
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4 confederates
2 female observers 1 male victim 1 male model |
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Experimental Design
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Field Experiment
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Procedure
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There were 103 trials
1 trial = 7.5 minutes On each trial the team boarded the subway train. Observers sat in adjacent area Victim stood in Critical Area After 70 seconds victim collapsed Stayed there until helped or until next stop. |
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Independent Variables
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Victim Drunk or ill (Cane)
Victim Black or White Whether the model intervened Group Size |
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Dependent Variables
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Time Taken for passenger to help
Total number of passengers who helped |
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White Cane Victims
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Helped 100% of the time
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White Drunks
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Helped 100% Spontaneously
Helped 77% with a model |
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Black Cane
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Helped 100% of the time
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Black Drunk
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Helped 73% spontaneous
Helped 67% with a model |
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Race Effects?
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There was a similar race effect where blacks would help blacks and whites would help whites
Evident in Drunk Condition |
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Cost -- Reward Model
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1) An emergency leads to
2) Heightened Arousal 3) People wish to reduce this arousal - Help or not |
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Emergency Duration
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The longer the emergency the more likely people where to leave the critical area.
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Model Timing
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The early model (70 secs) had slightly more of an effect than the late model (150 secs)
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Diffusion of responsibility effect
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not found in this situation
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ill vs drunk
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ill is more likely to be helped (95%)
than drunks (50%) and help comes quicker for ill. |
