Physiology Quiz 3

Front 1

somatic senses

Back 1

touch, pressure, temperature, pain and body sense

Location: skin, muscles and joints

Front 2

Special senses

Back 2

sight, smell, taste, hearing and equilibrium

Front 3

Generator Potential/ Receptor Potential

Back 3

hange in membrane potential (depolarization) of a special receptor cell

Front 4

mechanoreceptors

Back 4

respond to the mechanical stimuli like touch, pressure, vibration etc.

Location: in the skin and are attached to the sensory neurons

Front 5

thermoreceptors

Back 5

respond to the thermal stimuli like heat and cold

Front 6

Meissner corpuscles

Back 6

Mechanoreceptors for touch

Front 7

Pacinian corpuscles

Back 7

Mechanoreceptors for pressure

Front 8

Naked Nerve Endings

Back 8

Mechanoreceptors for pain

Front 9

Krause End Bulb

Back 9

thermoreceptors for cold

Front 10

Ruffini corpuscles

Back 10

thermoreceptors for heat

Front 11

Nociceptors

Back 11

pain receptors located throughout the body

Front 12

Classifications of pain

Back 12

Aching pain, Burning pain and Pricking pain

****impulses for these different types of pains are carried by different types of nerve fibers, therefore, the feelings of pain are different

Front 13

Proprioception

Back 13

ability to respond to the position and movement of the body

Front 14

special nerve endings responsible for transmitting impulses for muscle sense

Back 14

Muscle Spidles and Golgi Tendon Organs

Front 15

Muscle spindle

Back 15

small spindle shaped cells located in the skeletal muscles in such a way that stretching of skeletal muscles would stretch the muscle spindles

Front 16

Golgi Tendon Organs

Back 16

located in the tendons of the muscles

****record the change in tension, and the rate of change of the tension, and sends signals to the spinal cord to convey this information

Front 17

Phasic receptors

Back 17

The receptor cells that adapt quickly and stop producing action potential (nerve impulses)

Ex: wearing a watch and feeling it

Front 18

Tonic Receptors

Back 18

The receptors, that don't adapt quickly or not at all

Ex: pain, sight and sound receptors

Front 19

taste buds

Back 19

special cells, that are responsible for the sense of taste

Front 20

tongue papillae, whichcontain the taste buds

Back 20

Vallate and Fungiform papillae of tongue

Front 21

auditory bones in middle ear

Back 21

malleus (hammer shaped), incus (anvil shaped) and stapes (stirrup shaped)

function: help transmitting the sound energy from external ear to the inner ear

Front 22

eustachian tube

Back 22

brings the air in middle ear from pharynx

Front 23

Vestibular part of ear

Back 23

maintain the equilibrium or balance

**made up of three semicircular canals and two sacs - utricle and saccule

Front 24

Cochlear part of ear

Back 24

spiral shaped structure, that is mainly responsible for sense of hearing

Front 25

Semicircular canals

Back 25

responsible for sensing the angular acceleration

Front 26

Utricle and saccule

Back 26

responsible for maintaining static equilibrium of head against gravity

Front 27

Ampulla hair cells

Back 27

detect the movement of fluid in semi circular canals caused by angular acceleration (rate of change of head rotation)

Front 28

calcium carbonate (CaCO3)

Back 28

crystals or otoliths thathelp depolarizing the special hair cells in saccules and utricles

Front 29

organ of corti

Back 29

contains the sensitive hair cells (receptor cells), that respond to the vibrations in endolymph

Front 30

specific pitch

Back 30

The movement of specific hair cells at the specific place in cochlea

Front 31

Conduction Deafness

Back 31

is due to problem in ear bones or diseases that obliterate the external ear canal

Front 32

Nerve Deafness

Back 32

it involves an abnormality in the receptor organ itself or degeneration or trauma of nerve

Front 33

3 layers of eye

Back 33

Fibrous layer, Vascular layer and Nervous Layer

Front 34

other name for Vascular Layer of eye

Back 34

uvea

Front 35

tapetum

Back 35

This layer is responsible for shining of animal's eyes when light is flashed on eyes during night

Front 36

parasympathetic fibers

Back 36

decreasing the size of pupil when too much light is entering eye

Front 37

sympathetic fibers

Back 37

dilates the pupil as amount of light entering the eye is decreased

Front 38

Accommodation

Back 38

mechanism of focusing of the lens at various distances by adjusting the lens shape

Front 39

Distance Vision

Back 39

relaxation of ciliary muscles pulls the suspensory ligaments, which in turn pull on the lens capsule around its long axis

Front 40

Close Vision

Back 40

contraction of ciliary muscles, release the tension on the suspensory ligaments..............and subsequently on the lens capsule, making lens to become more convex and the eye to be able to refocus on close objects

Front 41

Aqueous Humor

Back 41

watery fluid produced by the ciliary body and poured into the posterior chamber of anterior compartment of eye, just in front of lens

Front 42

glaucoma

Back 42

Pressure builds up in the eye if the aqueous humor cannot be properly drained

Front 43

cone cells

Back 43

good for color vision

Front 44

rod cells

Back 44

good for black and white vision

Front 45

rods and cones

Back 45

photoreceptors cells that convert the light rays into the electrical signals and are transmitted to the brain via optic nerve

Front 46

optic disk

Back 46

no photoreceptors (rods and cones) in the optic disc area, therefore this area of the retina can not respond to light stimulation

****blind spot

Front 47

rhodospin

Back 47

photochemical of rods made up of opsins (the protein part) and cis-retinine (a pigment)

Front 48

Vitamin A

Back 48

neededfor production of cis-retinine in rod cells

Front 49

color of conjunctiva tellsyou...

Back 49

hematological status of body

Front 50

Epiphora

Back 50

It is the overflowing of tears from the edge of eyelids. This may occur due to two reasons: overproduction of tears or obstruction of duct

Front 51

Schrimer's tear test

Back 51

diagnose Overproduction of tears

Front 52

Fluorescein dye test

Back 52

diagnose obstruction in the naso-lacrimal duct

Front 53

Meibomian glands and Zeis glands

Back 53

contribute oily layer over the tear film

**** associated witheyelids and eyelashes

Front 54

threelayers of tear film

Back 54

Oily layer,Aqueous layer, and mucus layer

Front 55

Nictitating Membrane

Back 55

triangular shaped membrane located along the medial side of eyeball

***to protect and lubricate with tears and also protect the lacrimal glands