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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Source of energy for muscular contraction
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ATP
ATP regeneration, dephosphorylation of creatin phosphate, anaerobic glycolysis and aerobic oxidation of glycogen and fatty acids Dephos: ca 100 m. ADP+CrP->ATP + Cr by mitochondrial creatin kinase Anaer: mmGlycogen->G-6-P->lactic acid 3ATP/glucose res Aer: in mitochondria of sarcomere, increased heart rate to meet new O2 need myoglobin. FFA, mmglycogen (<2h), liver glycogen and proteins |
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Physiology of MED
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motor end plate, chemical synaps. ACh vesicles and receptors. membranes (pre and post synaptic, basement)
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gamma-loop
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monosynaptic: patellar reflex, stimulus and response in same organ
polysynaptic: withdrawal of hand when burned or something, stimulus and reaction affect more than one muscle/organ. protector/nutritional/locomotor/autonomic reflexes |
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Differences muscles
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striated;skeletal&cardiac. Smooth is nonstriated, contains more actin than myosin. have no Ttubules
SR more developed in skeletal less in cardiac least in smooth. Ttubules bigger in cardiac than skeletal Troponin; skeletal&cardiac. Smooth has calmodulin, protein that activates MLCK or makes caldesmon on actin de-attach thus enabling filament sliding. Skeletal no gap junction |
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hypocalcemia
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Ca2+ levels less than 50% (1.05-1.3 mmol/L) makes nerves more excitable, causes tetany. be caused by: PTH deficiency/malproduction, Vitamin D deficiency abnormal values of magnesium
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hypercalcemia
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Ca2+ levels higher than normal (2.1-2.6 normal mmol/L). reflex activity becomes sluggish, constipation, fatigue, bone pains(groans, moans, bones, stones and psychiatric overtones)
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Intrinsic pathway
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Blood trauma-> XII and Platelet phospholipids.
XIIa->XI ... XIa->IX ... IXa+VIIa->X Xa+V+phospholipids=>prothrombin activator-> prothrombin=>thrombin Ca2+ needed in all but the first 2 steps, second step requires HMW kinogen |
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factor I
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fibrinogen,
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Factor II
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Prothrombin, vitamin K dependent
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Factor III
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tissue factor
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Factor IV
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Calcium
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Factor V
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Proaccelerin (Ac-globulin)
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Factor VII
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serum prothrombin concersion accelerator SPCA
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Factor VIII
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Antihemophilic factor AHF
Anti hemophilic globulin AHG |
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factor IX
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plasma thromboplastin component PTC
christmas factor |
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Factor X
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Stuart-Power factor
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Factor XII
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hageman factor
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Factor XI
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Plasma thromboplastin antecedent PTA
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Factor XIII
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fibrin-stabilizing factor
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Prekallikrein
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fletcher factor
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High-Molecular-weight kininogen
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Fitzgerald factor
HMWK |
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Extrinsic pathway
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Tissue trauma->Tissue factor
TF->VII+X VIIa also helps activating X Xa+Va+phospholipids=>prothrombin activator |
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Prothrombin->thrombin
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continually formed by the liver vitamin K dependent. an unstable protein that easily will split into smaller compounds one is thrombin
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thrombin
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enzymatically on fibrinogen->firbin. Causes polymerization of fibrinogen
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fibrinogen->fibrin
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HMW protein produced by the liver. 4 LMC cleaved off by enzymatic influence by thrombin, residues then binds to form fibrin fibers
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