• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/14

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

14 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

pepsinogen is what


HCL for what

-protein digesting enzyme


-dissolving food, partially digesting


macromolecules in food, sterilizing food





-fundus and body


-antrum

-think layer of smooth muscle, secretes HCL, pepsinogen, mucous


-thick layer of smooth muscle, secretes gastrin, pepsinogen, mucous

-major exocrine secretions of the stomach


-minor endocrine

- mucous, HCL (hydrolysis of proteins), pepsinogen (digestions of proteins)




- gastrin (endocrine: stimulates HCL and stomach motility), intrinsic factor (vitamin b12), histamine (paracrine,stimulates HCL), somatostatin (endocrine, inhibits HCL)

gastric gland cells

- chief cells: pepsinogen, accelerates protein digestion


-enteroendocrine cells: gastrin (so only in antrum) also G cell


- ECL cells- histamine (more in antrum)


- D cells: somatostatin


- parietal cells: HCL, has canaliculi

acid secretion from the parietal cell requires what

energy- lots of mitochondria

lumen pH vs cytosol

lumen 1 (more acid in stomach)


cytosol 7

5 steps of acidification of stomach lumen

-K/H ATPase


-CA: H2O/CO2 --> H2CO3 --> H+/ HCO3 -


- HCO3-/Cl-


-K out


-Cl out

which 4 chemical messengers regulate the


insertion of H/K ATPase

ACh, histamine, somatostatin, gastrin

pepsinogen secretion and activation

- stimulated by ENS


- cleaved and activated to pepsin when in


acidic pH (stomach)


- reversibly deactivates in intestine

3 phases or gastric secretion

- cephalic phase (head, excitatory via vagus)


- gastric phase (excitatory, via gastrin)


- intestinal phase (inhibitory)

-acetylcholine, gastrin, histamine all do what to parietal cell


-somatostatin does what to parietal cell


-ACh also does what


- gastrin does what



- induces HCL


- inhibits HCL


- induces HCL by raised the first set, and


inhibiting the inhibitor


- induces histamine = more HCL

once acid secretion is at a high rate...

- reduced parasympathetic




- negative feedback for gastrin




- increased somatostatin because: reduced para inhibition of D cell, acid stimulates somatostatin. It then inhibits parietal, ECL, G cell

steps of vomiting

- nausea, salivation, hold breath


- glottis closes off trachea


- esophagus and its sphincter relax


- diaphragm and stomach muscle contract


- reverse peristalsis


-food moves us



ulcers and what is it caused by

- erosion of GIT mucosa usually in acidic regions


- imbalance between protective and aggressive factors, helicobacter pylori, alcohol, smoking, stress, gastrinomas