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51 Cards in this Set

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What acts as an integrating center in a reflex arc which regulates arterial blood pressure?

cardiovascular centers in the medulla oblongata (Medullary cardiovascular centers)

Medullary ______

What acts as a receptor in a reflex arc which regulates arterial blood pressure?


baroreceptors in various arteries

baro_____

What is the main factor that causes filtration to occur at a capillary?

capillary hydrostatic pressure

_____ hydrostatic ______

What occurs at the capillaries in the systemic circuit?

1 - oxygen moves from the blood in the capillary into the interstital fluid


2- carbon dioxide moves from the interstital fluid into the blood in the capillary

oxygen ( cap - int)


carbon dioxide (int - cap)

What blood vessel type is the flow velocity the lowest?

capillaries

cap

What mechanisms is most important in creating blood flow in the veins?

skeletal muscle and respiratory pumps (push blood toward the heart)

skel____ mus___ and res ____ pumps

What is the enzyme which catalyzes the chemical reaction that turns fibrinogen into fibrin during hemostasis?

thrombin

thro____

What is increased to reduce arterial blood pressure?

increased parasympathetic stimulation to the heart

parasymp______

What blood vessel types have the lowest blood pressure?

veins

v_____

What part(s) of the cardiovascular system contains the largest volume of blood?

veins and venules

v & v

an increase in venous return will cause an increase in cardiac output: T or F?

True

absorption occurs at the venous end of a capillary while filtration occurs at the arterial end: T or F?

True

If a tissue or organ becomes more metabolically active the blood flow to it increases due to

active hyperemia

capillary hydrostatic pressure stays the same throughout the length of the capillary: T or F?

False

capillary hydrostatic pressure always exceeds interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure: T or F?

True

How does the blood pressure in the respiratory circuit compare to the blood pressure in the systemic circuit?

blood pressure in the systemic circuit is higher than in the respiratory circuit

sys > resp

Which of the below blood vessel types is the aorta?



muscular artery


elastic artery


vein


arteriole

elastic artery

its an artery

What is compliance (in physiology)?


how stretchable a blood vessel is

stretch

Which of the below hormones is a vasodilator:



-antidiuretic hormone (ADH)


-atrial natriuretic hormone (ANP) only


-atrial natriuretic hormone and sometimes epinephrine


-epinephrine only


-angiotensin


atrial natriuretic hormone and sometimes epinephrine

There are 2

What is pulse pressure (in physiology)?

the difference between the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure

the diff ____ between ....

Which of the below factors DOES NOT affect venous blood pressure?



-stimulation of sympathetic neurons to smooth muscle in veins


-respiratory pump


-stimulation of parasympathetic neurons to smooth muscle in veins


-skeletal muscle pump

stimulation of parasympathetic neurons to smooth muscle in veins

stim. of _______

What law states that the pressure of a gas in a container is inversely proportional to its volume?

Boyle's Law

B______

Which of the below chemical reactions is catalyzed by the enzyme carbonic anhydrase?



A. CO2 + H2O >>> H+ + HCO3-


B. CO2 + H2O >>> H2CO3


C. H2CO3 >>> H+ + HCO3-


D. H2CO3 >>> CO2 + H2O

B and D

It can be more than one option.

How many iron atoms are present in one molecule of hemoglobin?

four

My Fav Number =-)

If the intrapleural pressure becomes equal to or higher than the alveolar pressure what will happen?


the lungs will collapse

Which of the below substances can bind to hemoglobin?



oxygen


carbon dioxide


hydrogen ions (H+)

All the above

it can be more than one

What law states that the total pressure in a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each gas?

Dalton's Law

D______

If you inspire maximally and then expire maximally what is the name given to the volume of air you expire?

vital capacity

v____ capacity

What is the name given to the pressure in between the visceral pleura and the parietal pleura?


intrapleural pressure

i______

As temperature increases what will happen to the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen?

it will decrease

What is the most important way that carbon dioxide is transported in the blood?

in solution in the blood plasma as bicarbonate

bicarbonate

Which of the below hormones/enzymes is NOT secreted by the kidney?



renin


erythropoietin


angiotensin


1, 25-dihydroxy vitamin D

angiotensin

a__________

What conditions stimulate the release of renin from the kidney?

sodium depletion and low blood pressure

depl _____ and l___ blood

What process occurs in the descending limb of the Loop of Henle?


tubular reabsorption of water

reabsorption of w_____

Which of the below cell types can secrete renin?



mesangial cells


macula densa


juxtaglomerular cells


podocytes

juxtaglomerular cells

jux________

Where in the nephron does countercurrent multiplication occur?

Loop of Henle

loop of _______

What is the purpose of the countercurrent multiplier system?

creates a hyperosmolar environment in the renal medulla

create hyper____ environment in the r_____ m______

Which location in the nephron is responsible for filtration?

glomerulus

gl_________

In which portion of the nephron does the majority of reabsorption occur?

Proximal Convoluted Tubule

PCT

What acts as a baroreceptor in the kidney?

juxtaglomerular cells

jux_______

What is the process of moving a material from the filtrate in the renal tubule and into a peritubular capillary?



filtration


tubular reabsorption


tubular secretion

tubular reabsorption

reab_______

T or F?


Renin is a hormone secreted by the kidney.

False

T or F?


Dilation of the efferent arteriole will decrease the glomerular filtration rate.

False

Which of the below directly causes sodium reabsorption in the renal tubule?

aldosterone

a_______

What region of the renal tubules has variable tubular reabsorption of water?

medullary collecting duct

m c duct

T or F?


Antidiuretic hormone is produced by the kidney.

False

What is/are the effects of Angiotensin II?

vasoconstriction and aldosterone release

two things

T or F?


Release of aldosterone from the suprarenal gland will result in an increase in blood pressure.

true

T or F?


Angiotensin II is a hormone produced by the kidney.

False

What affect does antidiuretic hormone (ADH) have on the renal tubule?


causes aquaporins to be inserted into cells in the medullary collecting ducts

aquaporins insertion

What acts as a chemoreceptor in the nephron?

macula densa

m______ d________