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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The cardiovascular responses to an exercise bout vary to the _____, _____, __________, and ________ of exercise, as well as the muscle ______ involved and environmental stress
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type, mode, intensity, duration, mass
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there is a direct linear relationship between _____ and ______. HR increases due to increases in ________ stimulation. During prolonged durations of exercise, HR may also increase due to an increase in what?
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HR workload
sympathetic body temperature |
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Ventricular filling increases during exercise due to what 4 things?
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1- increase in Q
2- venoconstriction 3- muscle pump 4- thoracic pump |
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why does stroke volume increase during exercise?
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because of increased sympathetic stimulation (contractility)
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Stroke volume also increases during exercise because of increased what and a decrease in what?
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increased ventricular filling (preload)
decreaes in afterload |
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there is a direct _____ relationshop between stroke volume and work, up to an intensity of about ________ of VO2 max, after which there is a _______ in stroke volume
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linear
40-50% plateau |
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there is a direct ______ relationshop between Q and work. Cardiac outpu increases due to incremental increases in both HR and SV. Once SV plateaus, furhter increases in cardiac output are due to incremental increaess in _____
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linear
HR |
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There is a direct ______ relationship between av-O2 difference and work. The increase in av-O2 difference is a reflection of increased _________. The increase in av-O2 difference is faciliated by the opening of ______ ____, an increase in the _____ gradients, and the bohr effect
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linear,
metabolism capillary beds PO2 |
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there is a direct _______relationship between VO2 and work. In some indivduals, VO2 will ______ at maximal intensities of exercise
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linear
plateuas |
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there is an _______ _______ relationshop between TPR and work. Vasodilation of arterioles supplying skeletal muscle and opening of the capillary beds ______ the total cross sectional area of these two vessels. The increase in total cross sectional area ______ TPR
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inverse linear
increases reduces |
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There is a direct _______ relationshop between SBP and work. The increase in SBP is related to the increase in what?
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linear
cardiac output |
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DBP remains contstant or decreases during aerobic exercise, The decrease in DBP is related to the decrease in _____
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TPR
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MAP ______ during aerobic exercise. The slope of the increase in MAP is ____ ___ ______ as the slope of the increase in SBP.
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increases
not as great |
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how is blood shunted away from viscera to more active sk mm?
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1- vasoconstriction of fessels supplying fiscera
2- vasodilation of arterioles and opening of capillary beds increases the blood supply to active sk. mm, mass |
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During prolonged durations of moderate intensity aerobic exercise, it is common that some cardiovascular responses drift _____ or _____ steady state values
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above
below |
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classic cardiac drift is characterized by an increase in _____ and a decrease in ___. The decrease in SV may be a secondary resposne to the increase in HR
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HR
SV |
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cardiac drift resulting from dehydration is related to an exercise-induced reduction in blood volume due to inadeqquate hydration during exercise. This type of cardiac drift is characterized by an increase in ____ and a decrease in _____ and _____ _______
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HR
SV cardiac output |
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consumption of fluids should be sufficient to maintain body weight within ____ of body weight prior to exercise. A loss of body weight is suggestive of a loss of ____ volume
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2%
blood |
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VO2 max is greatest during what kind of exercise?
maximal heart rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output are highest during _______ exercise, lower during leg ergometry, and lowest during ___ argometry. At any given workload, there is a higher heart rate, SBP, DBP, and MAP and lower stroke volume response during what? |
weight-bearing ( running)
treadmill, arm arm ergometry |