Physiology Chapter 10: Muscle Tissue

Front 1

Gangrene

Back 1

Death of a soft tissue, such as muscle, that results from interruption of its blood supply.

Front 2

Myoma

Back 2

A tumor consisting of muscle tissue.

Front 3

Myomalacia

Back 3

Softening of a muscle

Front 4

Myopathy

Back 4

Any abnormal condition or disease of muscle tissue

Front 5

Myositis

Back 5

Inflammation of muscle fibers.

Front 6

Myotonia

Back 6

Increased muscular excitability and contractility with decreased power of relaxation; tonic spasm of the muscle.

Front 7

Paralysis

Back 7

Loss or impairment of motor (muscular) function resulting from a lesion of nervous or muscular origin.

Front 8

Volkmann's contracture

Back 8

permanent shortening of a muscle due to replacement of destroyed muscle fibers with fibrous connective tissue that lacks the ability to stretch

Front 9

Fibromyalgia

Back 9

groups of common nonarticular rheumatic disorders characterized by pain, tenderness and stiffness of muscles, tendons and surrounding tissues

Front 10

muscular dystrophies

Back 10

inherited muscle-destroying diseases which are characterized by degeneration of individual muscle fibers, which leads to the progressive atrophy of the skeletal muscle

Front 11

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Back 11

most common form of muscular dystrophy; sex-linked; dystrophin (a protein present in the sarcolemma of normal muscle fibers) in absent in persons with this disease

Front 12

myasthenia gravis

Back 12

a weakness of skeletal muscles; caused by an abnormality at the neuromuscular junction that partially blocks contraction (antibodies block ACh receptors)

Front 13

spasm

Back 13

a sudden involuntary contraction of a single muscle in a large group of muscles

Front 14

tremor

Back 14

a rhythmic, involuntary, purposeless contraction of opposing muscle groups

Front 15

fasciculation

Back 15

an involuntary, brief twitch of a muscle visible under the skin

Front 16

tic

Back 16

a spasmodic twitching made involuntarily by muscles that are ordinarily under voluntary control

Front 17

fibrillation

Back 17

an involuntary, brief twitch of a muscle that is detected by electromyography and is not visible under the skin

Front 18

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

Back 18

1.skeletal (straited, voluntary)
2.cardiac (straited, involuntary)
3.smooth (nonstraited, involuntary)

Front 19

What are the four functions of muscle tissue?

Back 19

1. Motion
2. Movement of substances within the body
3. Stabilizing body positions and regulating organ volume
4. Thermogenesis (generating heat)

Front 20

What are the five principal characteristics of muscle tissue?

Back 20

1. Excitability (the ability to respond to certain stimuli by producing action potentials)
2. Conductivity (ability to conduct action potentials)
3. Contractility (ability to shorten or thicken)
4. Extensibility (muscle can be stretched)
5. Elasticity (return to its original shape after contraction)

Front 21

What are the three layers of connective tissue that surround skeletal muscle?

Back 21

epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium

Front 22

fascia

Back 22

a sheet or broad band of fibrous connective tissue around muscles and other organs of the body

Front 23

superficial fascia

Back 23

a sheet of fibrous connective tissue between the dermis of the skin and the deep fascia of the muscles

Front 24

deep fascia

Back 24

dense, irregular connective tissue that lines the body wall and limbs and holds muscles together

Front 25

epimysium

Back 25

outermost layer of connective tissue that encircles the whole muscle

Front 26

perimysium

Back 26

connective tissue that surrounds bundles of 10-100 or more individual muscle fibers

Front 27

endomysium

Back 27

penetrates into the interior of each fascicle and separates individual muscle fibers

Front 28

tendon

Back 28

a cord of dense connective tissue that attaches a muscle to the periosteum of a bone

Front 29

aponeurosis

Back 29

a sheetlike tendon joining one muscle with another or with bone

Front 30

tenosynovitis

Back 30

an inflammation of the tendons, tendon shealths, and synovial membranes surrounding certain joints

Front 31

motor neurons

Back 31

neurons that stimulate muscle to contract

Front 32

motor unit

Back 32

a motor neuron plus all the skeletal muscle fibers it stimulates

Front 33

synapse

Back 33

the functional junction between two neurons or between a neuron and an effector, such as a muscle or gland

Front 34

synaptic cleft

Back 34

the narrow gap that separates the axon terminal of one neuron from another neuron or muscle fiber and across which a neurotransmitter diffuses to affect the postsynaptic cell

Front 35

neuromuscular junction

Back 35

the particular type of synapse formed between a motor neuron and a skeletal muscle fiber

Front 36

sarcolemma

Back 36

the plasma membrane of a muscle cell

Front 37

sarcoplasm

Back 37

the muscle fiber's cytoplasm

Front 38

myofibril

Back 38

contractile element of muscle cells; a threadlike structure, running longitudinally through a muscle fiber consisting mainly of thick filaments (myosin) and thin filaments (actin, troponin, and tropomyosin)

Front 39

sliding filament mechanism

Back 39

the explanation of how thick and thin filaments slide relative to one another during straited muscle contraction to decrease sarcomere length