Physiological Psychology/psychopharmacology

Front 1

Some research suggests that stress increases the chance for illness by suppressing the ____ system.

Back 1

immune

Front 2

Damage to the left temporal lobe is most likely to result in impaired:
a. implicit memory
b. verbal memory
c. nonverbal memory

Back 2

b. verbal memory

Front 3

A change in facial expression can actually produce a change in affect. This is predicted by which of the following theories:
a. Cannon-Bard
b. James-Lange
c. Seinfeld-Kramer

Back 3

b. James-Lange

Front 4

Since you're laughing, I must feel happy. This statement is most consistent with which theory:
a. Cannon-Bard
b. James-Lange
c. Schacter-Singer

Back 4

c. Schachter-Singer (social significance)

Front 5

Inhibition of RNA synthesis at the time of training is most likely to adversely affect:
a. short-term memory
b. intermediate-term memory
c,. long-term memory

Back 5

c. long-term memory

Front 6

Shrinkage of the _____ is associated with impaired delayed recall in healthy older adults.

Back 6

hippocampus

Front 7

The general adaptation syndrome involves three stages:

Back 7

alarm, resistance, exhaustion

Front 8

The left/right hemisphere is more active during positive emotional states.

Back 8

left

Front 9

_____ is characterized by anterograde and retrograde amnesia and is associated with chronic alcohol use.

Back 9

Korsakoff

Front 10

Hormonal secretion during the prenatal period controls the development of the sex organs and affects later sexual behavior. The _____ gland and the gonads are the primary sources of the sexual hormones.

Back 10

pituitary

Front 11

During fetal development, differentiation of the gonads initially depends on the ______ but later is largely the result of normonal exposure.

Back 11

sex chromosomes

Front 12

For a genetic male to develop male genitalia, the fetus must be stimulated during the critical period by _____.

Back 12

androgen

Front 13

At puberty, an increase in sex hormones influences the emergence of the ____ sex characteristics.

Back 13

secondary

Front 14

As one ascends the ______, the sex hormones become increasingly less important as determinants of adult sexual behavior.

Back 14

phylogenetic scale

Front 15

Masters and Johnson identified four phases of the human sexual response: ______.

Back 15

excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution

Front 16

In the last stage, males experience a _____ during which re-stimulation is not possible.

Back 16

refractory period

Front 17

While the overall _____ of sexual activity decreases with increasing age, many older people are sexually active, particularly those who were during their youth and middle age.

Back 17

frequency

Front 18

As the result of ____ depletion, women experience a shrinkage in uterus and cervix size and a decrease in vaginal lubrication.

Back 18

estrogen

Front 19

Older men take longer to achieve an _____ but can maintain it for a longer period of time.

Back 19

erection

Front 20

Among people with spinal cored injuries, sexual _____ usually remain relatively unaffected.

Back 20

interest and appetite

Front 21

In males, reflecive and/or psychic erections may occur but ____ is less likely.

Back 21

ejaculation

Front 22

Sleep is divided into five stages. Stage 1 is characterized by predominance of _____ waves;

Back 22

alpha

Front 23

Stage 2 by _____ waves;

Back 23

Theta

Front 24

and Stages 3 and 4 by the presence of ____ waves.

Back 24

delta

Front 25

The fifth stage is marked by the presence of _____.

Back 25

REM

Front 26

Although all dreams do not occur during this stage, they are more _____.

Back 26

vivid and elaborate

Front 27

Because the sleeper is both in a deep state of sleep and physiologically active, this stage is also erferred to as ______.

Back 27

paradoxical

Front 28

Sleepers typically pass through all five stages every ______ minutes.

Back 28

90-100

Front 29

The pattern of sleep varies with age. In infants, REM sleep takes up ____ percent of the total sleep time, while in adults it accounts for only about ____ percent of the sleep period.

Back 29

50%; 20%

Front 30

While sleep deprivation is not consistently linked with any specific abnormalities, Stage 4 and REM sleep deprivation are usually followed by a ______ effect.

Back 30

rebound

Front 31

For most people, the _____ is dominant for language but there is evidence that the _____ does participate in some language functions.

Back 31

left hemisphere; right hemisphere

Front 32

Of the various aspects of language, it appears that _____ language is the only strictly left hemisphere function.

Back 32

syntactic

Front 33

Damage to Broca's area produces ____ aphasia.

Back 33

expressive (motor)

Front 34

People with this disorder speak slowly and with difficulty and their speech is poorly _____.

Back 34

articulated

Front 35

but they usually have little or no difficulty _____ language.

Back 35

comprehending

Front 36

Damage to Wernicke's area results in ))))) aphasia.

Back 36

receptive (sensory)

Front 37

People with this form of aphasia speak rapidly and effortlessly but their speech is _____ and they cannot comprehend written or spoken language.

Back 37

devoid of content (meaningless)

Front 38

Finally, ______ aphasia results from damage to the arcuate fasciculus.

Back 38

conduction

Front 39

It is characterized by the presence of _____ (an inability to identify familiar objects by name) and the inability to repeat words or simple phrases.

Back 39

anomia

Front 40

Changes in estrogen and progesterone levels ar menopause are mostly likely to have which of the following effects:
a. decreased sexual interest and drive
b. discomfort during sex
c. production of mult orgasms

Back 40

b.

Front 41

Alpha waves are characteristic of:
a. an alert, fully awake state
b. an awake, rested state
c. deep sleep

Back 41

b. an awake, rested state

Front 42

The presence or absence of sexual arousal during _____ sleep is sometimes used to evaluate the etiology of male impotence. ERections occur during this stage if importence is die to psychological factors but do not occur when the disorder has a physical etiology:

Back 42

REM

Front 43

Sleepwalking is most likely to occur during:
a. Stage 1 sleep
b. Stage 4 sleep
c. REM

Back 43

b. Stage 4

Front 44

In comparison to young childen, older adults:
a. are more likely to begin teh sleep period with REM sleep
b. spend a greater proportion of the sleep period in Stage 4 sleep
c. spend a smaller proportion of the sleep period in REM

Back 44

c. spend a smaller proportion of the sleep period in REM

Front 45

True/False Damage to Broca's area produces receptive aphasia

Back 45

False

Front 46

True/False A patient suffering from Wernicke's aphasia is likely to exhibit anomia dn paraphasia

Back 46

True (paraphasia/word substitution)

Front 47

While human sexual behaviors are less dependent on sex hormones than the bx of other animals, there is evidence that, for both sexes, sexual interest is related to _____ levels.

Back 47

androgen

Front 48

True/False Sexual activity among the elderly is not consistently related to activity in youth or middle age

Back 48

False

Front 49

True/jFalse For most people, spinal cord injuries do not substantially impair sexual interest.

Back 49

True

Front 50

Closed head injuries usu cause a loss of _____ and a period of post-traumatic .

Back 50

consciousness; amnesia

Front 51

Most recovery occurs in the first ____ months, with the recovery of _____ being slower than the recovery of other cognitive functions.

Back 51

6-9; memory

Front 52

_____ involves a loss of sensation and movement on one side of the body, while _____ refers to slight or partial paralysis.

Back 52

Hemiplegia; paresis

Front 53

______ is an inherited degenerative disease that is characterized by ______ movements and dementia.

Back 53

Huntington's chorea; choreiform

Front 54

Parkinson's disease is due to the degeneration of ______ containing cells in the substantia nigra and involves tremor at rest.

Back 54

dopamine

Front 55

_____ ("cruel restlessness"), muscular rigidity, and _____ (poverty or slowness in movement.

Back 55

akathisia; akinesia

Front 56

_____ is characterized by fatigue and profound weakness of the skeletal muscles, while _____ involves muscle weakness and poor coordination, mood changes, and cognitive impairment.

Back 56

Myasthenia gravis; multiple sclerosis

Front 57

Most forms of epilepsy involve three types of symptoms: an _____, a loss of consciousness, and some type of abnormal movement.

Back 57

aura

Front 58

Generalized seizures include ____ (grand mal) epilepsy and _____ (petit mal) epilepsy.

Back 58

tonic-clonic; absence

Front 59

Jacksonian epilepsy is a type of ______ seizure.

Back 59

focal

Front 60

Psychophysiological disorders are characterized by physical symptoms that are caused, maintained, or exacerbated by _____ factors.

Back 60

emotional/psychological

Front 61

The cause of bronchia asthma varies from person to person but allergens and _____ are the most common physical precipitants.

Back 61

infections

Front 62

_____ is often triggered by anxiety or other emotional state and may be confused with _____ or certain respiratory disorders such as asthma.

Back 62

hyperventilation syndrome; coronary heart disease

Front 63

______ the "silent killer" is often asympatomatic but can lead to heart failure, kidney failure, or stroke.

Back 63

essential hypertension

Front 64

_____ involves general muscle aches, tenderness, and stiffness.

Back 64

fibromyalgia

Front 65

Migraine hadaches are precipitated or aggravated by a broad range of factors including _____ after stress, alcohol, and foods containing tyramine, phenylethylamine, or _____.

Back 65

relaxation; nitrates

Front 66

____ migraine does not begin with an aura but may be signaled by gastrointestinal or other symptoms.

Back 66

Common

Front 67

PMS usu develops after _____ and lasts until just before or after menstruation begins.

Back 67

ovulation

Front 68

According to DSM, while ____ percent of women experience minor premenstrual symptoms, only 3 to 5 percent have Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

Back 68

75

Front 69

The pituitary gland is referred to as the _____ because of its influence on other endocrine glands, and it secretes several hormones including ADH.

Back 69

master gland

Front 70

Hyposecretion of ADH results is _____.

Back 70

diabetes insipidus

Front 71

The primary secretion of the thyroid gland is thyroxine. Too much of this hormone produces _____ , which is characterized by a speeded-up metabolism.

Back 71

hyperthyroidism

Front 72

______ body temp, weight loss, agitation, and insomnia.

Back 72

elevated

Front 73

IN contrast, too little thyroxine results in _____, which involves a slowed matabolism, weight gain, lowered body temp, depression, lethargy, and impaired ____.

Back 73

hypothyroidism; memory and concentration

Front 74

The adrenal cortex secretes cortisol and aldosterone. Hyposecretion of these hormones can result in _____ Disease, while hypersecretion of cortisol causes _____ Disease.

Back 74

Addison's ; Cushing's

Front 75

Finally, the pancreas releases insulin, and too much of this hormone results in _____ , which, if untreated, produces a variety of symptoms including weight loss, polydipsia, polyuria, increased susceptibility to infection, and confusion.

Back 75

diabetes mellitus

Front 76

Chest pain, parethesia, dizziness, tinnitus, and impaired concentration and memory are most suggestive of:
a. hyperventilation syndrome
b. Cushing's Disease
c. hypoglycemia

Back 76

a. hyperventilation syndrome

Front 77

Akathisia involves:
a. complete or near complete loss of movement
b. an inability to sit still
c. loss of motor coordination

Back 77

b. an inability to sit still

Front 78

Loss of motor coordination is called:

Back 78

ataxia

Front 79

A woman suffering from migraine headaches would be best advised to:
a. avoid certain foods
b. take an assertiveness training class
c. drink a glass of wine once a day

Back 79

a. avoid certain foods

Front 80

Grand mal epilepsy is also known as:
a. myoclonic epilepsy
b. absence epilepsy
c. tonic-clonic epilepsy

Back 80

c. tonic-clonic epilepsy

Front 81

Closed-head injury most often involves:
a. anterograde amnesia
b. generalized amnesia
c. aphasia

Back 81

a. anterograde amnesia

Front 82

Essential hypertension is (more/less) common among females than males and (more/less common among AA than whites.

Back 82

less;more

Front 83

(hypersecretion/hyposecretion) of thyroxine produces reduced appetite with weight gain, lowered body temp, depression, and impaired concentration and memory.

Back 83

hyposecretion

Front 84

Damage to the spinal cord above the thoracic level is most likely to result in (quadriplegia/paraplegia).

Back 84

quadriplegia

Front 85

Parkinson's disease is due to degeneration of dopamine-containing cells in the _____.

Back 85

substantia nigra

Front 86

________ begins with an aura that is followed by throbbing pain on one side of the head.

Back 86

Classic migraine

Front 87

The antipsychotics (neuroleptics) are used primarily as a tx for ______, especially its ____ symptoms such as disordered thought, delusions, hallucinations, and agitation.

Back 87

Schizophrenia; positive

Front 88

Research on the effects of teh antipsychotic drugs provides support for the dopamine hypothesis, which attributes Schizophrenia to _____ at dopamine receptors.

Back 88

overactivity

Front 89

The antipsychotics are associated with several undesirable side effects including _____ effects (e.g., dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision) and extrapyramidal side effects.

Back 89

anticholinergic

Front 90

Of the latter, ______ is the most serious side effect and can be irreversible.

Back 90

tardive dyskinesia

Front 91

Its symptoms resemble those of ______ and include involuntary, thythmic movements of the jaw, lips, and extremities.

Back 91

Huntington's chorea

Front 92

_____, the most potent of the antipsychotic drugs, is associated with the most severe extrapyramidal side effects.

Back 92

Haloperidol

Front 93

The antidepressants include the tricyclics (TCAs), SSRIs, and MAOIs. The TCAs are most effective for alleviating the _______ symtoms of depression.

Back 93

vegetative, somatic

Front 94

They exert their effects by blocking the reuptake of _____, serotonin, and/or dopamine.

Back 94

norepinephrine

Front 95

Their effects on the former support the ____ hypothesis.

Back 95

Catecholamine

Front 96

Undesirable side effects include _____ effects (e.g., blurred vision, dry mouth, constipation), weight gain, drowsiness, and confusion.

Back 96

anticholinergic

Front 97

These drugs are also _____ and can cause hypertension, extreme hypotension, and tachycardia.

Back 97

cardiotoxic

Front 98

The SSRIsare less cardiotoxic than the TCAs and have a more ____.

Back 98

rapid onset

Front 99

Since its introduction in the US in 1987, ____ has become the most frequently-prescribed antidepressant.

Back 99

Prozac

Front 100

The SSRIs exert their effects by blocking the reuptake of ______.

Back 100

serotonin

Front 101

The MAOIs are most effective for _____ depressions.

Back 101

non-endogenous and atypical

Front 102

The most dangerous side effect is ______, which can occur when an MAOI is taken in conjunction with certain drugs or foods containing _____.

Back 102

hypertensive crisis; tyramine

Front 103

Finally, lithium has been the tx of choice for _____.

Back 103

Bipolar Disorder

Front 104

To avoid toxicity when taking this drug, patients must be careful to avoid fluctuations in their _____ intake and void caffeine, alcohol, and other _____.

Back 104

salt; diuretics

Front 105

Early signs of toxicity include diarrhea, nausea, slurred speech, confusion, and loss of _____.

Back 105

coordination

Front 106

In recent years, carbamazepine, an _____ drug, has been found to have similar effects as lithium.

Back 106

anticonvulsant

Front 107

The sedative-hypnotics are generalized _____ depressants.

Back 107

CNS

Front 108

The effects of the sedative-hypnotics are synergistic, and they also produce cross-____.

Back 108

tolerance

Front 109

The barbiturates are now rarely prescribed because of their adverse effects. Their use causes a decrease in ____ sleep, and abrupt cessation can produce a decrease in ______ sleep, and abrupt cessation can produce a ____ and nightmares.

Back 109

REM; REM rebound

Front 110

Chronic use of a barbiturate produces tolerance and physical and psychological _____ and withdrawal symptoms can be severe.

Back 110

dependence

Front 111

The anxiolytics are the most widely used psychiatric drug. They are generally more effective for reducing _____ than panic symptoms.

Back 111

anticipatory anxiety

Front 112

They are associated with several adverse side effects including drawsiness, lethargy, slurred speech, and _____ (lack of muscle coordination).

Back 112

ataxia

Front 113

The euphoric feelings produced by the anxiolytics results in _____ dependence, and chronic use can result in the development of _____ and physical dependence.

Back 113

psychological; tolerance

Front 114

Withdrawal can produce rebbound _____.

Back 114

hyperexcitability

Front 115

The narcotic-analgesics have both sedative and analgesic effects. Research on the effects of these drugs led to the discovery of natural _____ receptors in the spinal cord and brain.

Back 115

opiod

Front 116

The initial effect of a narcotic-analgesic is a short-lived ______, which is often followed by feelings of tranquility, drawsiness, and impaired attention.

Back 116

sense of euphoria

Front 117

Chronic use results in ______ and ______ dependence.

Back 117

tolerance; psychological and physical

Front 118

The synthetic narcotic-analgesic, _____ is often used in heroin detox program.

Back 118

methadone

Front 119

Amphetamines are currently used to treat ____ and ADHD.

Back 119

narcolepsy

Front 120

wile methylphenidate can result in _____ suppression and can have a negative effect on cognitive performance.

Back 120

growth

Front 121

Occasional _____ can help minimize the drug's negative side effects.

Back 121

drug holidays

Front 122

A person taking an _____ should avoid aged cheeses, wine, and avocados.

Back 122

MAOI

Front 123

Occasional drug holidays can help alleviate growth suppression when a child is taking ______.

Back 123

methylphenadate

Front 124

Administration of a _____ agonist can help allevate the symptoms of tardive dyskinesia.

Back 124

GABA

Front 125

The catecholamine hypothesis attributes depression to:
a. excessive epinephrine
b. deficient norepinephrine
c. excessive serotonin

Back 125

b. deficient norepinephrine

Front 126

A person taking lithium is most likely to exhibit which of the following side effects:
a. fine hand tremor and nausea

b. lethargy and akathisia
c. dysphoria and insomnia

Back 126

a. fine hand tremor and nausea

Front 127

According to the dopamine hypothesis, ____ is related to overactivity at dopamine receptors:
a. mania
b. depression
c. schizophrenia

Back 127

c. schizophrenia

Front 128

A patient taking a TCA would most likely experience which of the following side effects:
a. dry mouth, urinary retention, weight gain
b. gastrointestinal probs, headache, weight loss
c. coarse tremor, irritability, nystagmus

Back 128

a. dry mouth, urinary retention, weight gain

Front 129

Tardive dyskinesia, a side effect of the antipsychotics, is most similar to:
a. Huntington's chorea
b. multiple sclerosis
c. myasthenia gravis

Back 129

a. Huntington's chorea

Front 130

A person taking lithium should be careful to avoid:
a. foods containing tyramine
b. fluctuations in salt intake
c. dairy products

Back 130

b. fluctuations in salt intake

Front 131

When prescribing a TCA, an important consideration is:
a. the individual's diet
b. the duration of the disorder
c. the individual's risk for suicide

Back 131

c. the individual's risk for suicide

Front 132

During his first visit to your office, a middle-aged man exhibits slurred speech, a lack of coordination, and tremors. If his symptoms are due to brain damage, the most likely location of the damage is:
a. hippocampus
b. cerebellum
c. parietal lobe
d. medulla

Back 132

b. cerebellum - associated with coordination, posture, and balance, and damage can result in ataxia

Front 133

Circadian thythms are controlled by the
a. hypothalamus
b. caudate nucleus
c. basal ganglia
d. hippocampus

Back 133

a. The hypothalamus is always a good guess since it controls a variety of functions. It is actually the suprachiasmatic nucleus, which is part of the hypothalamus, that is believed to control circadian thythms.

Front 134

Parkinson's disease is believed to be caused by _____ at caudate synapses:
a. insufficient dopamine
b. insufficient epinephrine
c. excessive GABA
d. excessive ACh

Back 134

a. Dopamine is associated with schizophrenia and in the regulation of movement. Its lack is believed to underlie the muscle rigidity of Parkinson's disease.

Front 135

Damage to the prefrontal cortex is most likely to result in deficits in:
a. visual processing
b. judgment and planning
c. facial recognition
d. long-term memory

Back 135

b. The prefrontal cortex is involved in emotion and executive cognitive functions including judgment, planning, and insight

Front 136

In comparison to the tricyclics, fluoxetine adn other SSRIs:
a. are more likely to cause cognitive impairment
b. are less cardiotoxic
c. have a slower onset of effects
d. are more effective for mania

Back 136

b. are less cardiotoxic -

Front 137

Long-term potentiation is believed to underlie:
a. sleep
b. emotions
c. motor coordination
d. learning and memory

Back 137

d. learning and memory - long-term potentiation has been found in the hippocampus, which governs memory consolidation

Front 138

A young woman says she always feels cold, that she is frequently depressed and has trouble concentrating, and that she is lethargic and has lost interest in sex. Which of the following endocrine disorders is suggested by these symptoms:
a. diabetes insipidus
b. hypothyroidism
c. Cushing's disease
d. Grave's disease

Back 138

b. hypothyroidism - produced by hyposecretion of the hormone thyroxine by the thalamus.

Front 139

Following a head trauma, dx of postconcussional syndrome is most suggested by presence of which of the following:
a. retrograde amnesia, confusion, muscle weakness
b. fatigue, headache, irritability
c. insomnia, tremor, mania
d. agitation, blurred vision, tinnitus

Back 139

b. fatigue, headache, irritability

Front 140

As part of the assessment of a brain-injured patient, you evaluate her comprehension of spoken words, phrases, and sentences and ability to identify familiar objects. You are most likely trying to determine if the patient has:
a. Wernicke's aphasia
b. Broca's aphasia
c. apraxia
d. alexia

Back 140

a. Wernicke's aphasia - associated with receptive aphasia, which involves an inability to comprehend/receive written and spoken language

Front 141

An adult with damage to his hippocampus can be expected to:
a. display increased aggressiveness adn rage
b. forget events that occur after the damage
c. have trouble falling asleep
d. retrieve memories from childhood

Back 141

b. forget events that occur after the damage - difficulties in transferring info from short-term to long-term memory

Front 142

Tardive dyskinesia is most associated with which of the following drugs:
a. fluoxetine
b. lithium
c. benzodiazepine
d. phenothiazine

Back 142

d. phenothiazine - Tardive dyskinesia, an extrapyramidal effect

Front 143

Alpha waves predominate in:
a. alert wakefulness
b. relaxed wakefulness
c. deep sleep
d. REM sleep

Back 143

b. relaxed wakefulness

Front 144

Lesions to the right hemisphere would be most likely to produce:
a. ataxia
b. aphasia
c. catastrophic reactions
d. indifference or euphoria

Back 144

d. indifference or euphoria - the right hemisphere appears to govern negative emotions

Front 145

A feeling of discomfort involving an inability to sit still is referred to as:
a. akinesia
b. dyskinesia
c. akathisia
d. dystonia

Back 145

c. akathisia - aisde effect of antipsychotic drugs and a symptom of Parkinson's disease

Front 146

Selye's "general adaptation syndrome" involves the following phases:
a. alarm, resistance, exhaustion
b. denial, alarm, resolution
c. alarm, resistance, resolution
d. dissociation, realization, acceptance

Back 146

a. alarm, resistance, exhaustion

Front 147

A woman exhibits "dressing apraxia" confuses her left and right sides, and doesn't comb the hair on the left side of her head. Which area of her brain is most likely to be damaged:
a. frontal lobe
b. parietal lobe
c. temporal lobe
d. occipital lobe

Back 147

b. parietal lobe - apraxia and contralateral neglect are associated with damage to the parietal lobe

Front 148

An elderly man is prescribed lithium for Bipolar Disorder. In terms of side effects, the man can most likely expect which of the following:
a. shuffling gait
b. impaired abstract reasoning
c. malaise
d. fine hand tremor

Back 148

d. fine hand tremor

Front 149

Tardive dyskinesia:
a. is alleviated by L-dopa
b. may be alleviated by discontinuing the neuroleptic
c. occurs in only about 1% of patients treated with a neuroleptic
d. is always irreversible

Back 149

b. may be alleviated by discontinuing the neuroleptic

Front 150

Grand mal epilepsy is associated with:
a. tonic-clonic seizures
b. myoclonic seizures
c. absence seizures
d. psychomotor seizures

Back 150

a. tonic-clonic seizures

Front 151

All sensory systems except ____ have connections through the thalamus:
a. touch
b. vision
c. audition
d. olfaction

Back 151

d. olfaction (smell) is not part of the thalamic relay system

Front 152

A test is said to be ____ when fixed administration and scoring procedures have been established and norms have been developed.

Back 152

standardized

Front 153

______ tests have a well-defined scoring procedure, while _____ tests rely, to some degree, on the scorers judgment.

Back 153

objective; subjective

Front 154

Speed tests are often contrasted to _____ tests, which measure an examinee's level of ability or knowledge rather than speed of responding.

Back 154

power

Front 155

Behavioral assessment can be conceptualized in terms of four components: stimulus, organixm, response, and _____.

Back 155

consequences

Front 156

______ provides a bibliography of commercially-published tests, while _____ contains both facutal info and critical reviews.

Back 156

Tests in Print; Mental Measurements Yearbook