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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the p wave and what does it represent?
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What is the PR segment and what does it represent?
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What is the significance of the PR interval?
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What is the QRS complex and what does it represent?
What is considered a normal QRS duration? |
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What is the ST segment and what does it represent?
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What is the T wave and what does it represent?
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What is the significance of the ST interval?
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What is a U wave and what does it represent?
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What is the significance of the QT interval?
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Correlate the EKG tracing waves to the electrical depolarization occurring at various parts of the heart.
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Draw the overall EKG tracing for a normal heart, clearly marking all waves, segments and intervals.
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Draw Einthoven's triangle (EKG leads).
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Draw and name the EKG augmented limb leads.
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Draw and name the EKG precordial leads.
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Describe the size conventions for EKG recording paper.
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Define eupnea, indicate the ventilation rate and characterize the inspiration and expiration pattern.
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Normal quiet breathing (rate: 7.5 L/min); inspiration is active but expiration is passive.
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Define hyperpnea, indicate the ventilation rate and characterize the inspiration and expiration pattern.
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Breathing that is faster and deeper than normal such as during exercise (rate: up to 120 L/min). Inspiration and expiration are both active. During this type of breathing inspiration uses external intercostals and experation uses internal intercostal muscles.
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Define tachypnea
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Breathing that is more rapid than normal.
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Define hypoventilation
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Also known as respiratory depression; inadequate ventilation needed to perform needed gas xchg. Occurs in such conditions as muscular dystrophy or respiratory muscle paralysis. Leads to alveolar hypoxia and hypercapnea (elevated CO2 in blood), and respiratory acidemia (decreased blood pH).
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Define hyperventilation
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Also known as overbreathing; breathing faster than required for oxygenation which leads to alveolar hypocapnea (reduced CO2 in blood) and respiratory alkalosis (elevation of blood pH).
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Define pneumothorax
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a condition of atmospheric pressure in the intrapleural space.
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Define alveolar dead space
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Refers to alveoli that are ventilated but not perfused.
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Define trapped volume
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Refers to alveoli that are perfused but not ventilated.
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What is shunt flow?
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It is the perfusion of conducting airways by the bronchial artery (~1% cardiac output). This flow bypasses the gas exchanging portion of lung and drains into pulmonary vein.
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Indicated the partial pressure of oxygen (sea level) for:
inspired air, tracheal air, alveolar air, venous blood |
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Indicated the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (sea level) for:
inspired air, alveolar air, venous blood, tissue |
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Define the following conventions: ATPS, BTPS, STPD
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Write the ideal gas law as applied to lung and spirometer
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Indicate the dry gas fraction for the following: nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, argon
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Define compliance and give the equation
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Compliance denotes the ease with which something can be stretched or distorted. It is the inverse of elasticity or recoil.
C= delta V/delta P; it is slope of a pressure (x-axis), volume (y-axis) graph |
