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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Insulin regulates ____________ by controlling glucose uptake; facilitates membrane glucose transport
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carbohydrate utilization
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Insulin regulates ________ : stimulates adipose (fat) tissue uptake of carbohydrates and additional nutrients
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storage of nutrients
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Insulin regulates ________ : endocrine release into blood targets hypothalamus to regulate food intake (type I diabetes patients with reduced insulin experience weight gain)
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energy balance
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CCK stimulates __________ and ___________, resulting in release of bile into duodenum through the common bile duct
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rhythmical gallbladder contractions
sphincter of Oddi relaxation |
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Steatorrhea occurs when pancreatic ________ release <20% of normal
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lipase
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Enzymes from pancreatic acini (small saccules):
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Trypsin (secreted as trypsinogen)
Chymotrypsin (secreted as chymotrypsinogen) Carboxypolypeptidase (secreted as procarboxypolypeptidase) |
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Pancreatic _______ hydrolyzes starches, glycogen to form disaccharides and trisaccharides
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amylase
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Pancreatic _____ hydrolyzes fat into fatty acids and monoglycerides
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lipase
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_______ hydrolyzes cholesterol esters
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Cholesterol esterase
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__________ reduces fatty acids to phospholipids
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Phospholipase
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_____, ____ and ______ stimulate pancreatic secretion
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ACh
CCK secretin |
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3 phases/modulators of pancreatic secretion:
1) ___________ (20%, vagus causes ACh release/ vagotomy eliminates 60% of secretory response to food) Larger effect on enzymatic than aqueous components |
Cephalic
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3 phases/modulators of pancreatic secretion:
2) _______ (5-10%) Stomach distension produces vago-pancreatic drive |
Gastric
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3 phases/modulators of pancreatic secretion:
3) ______ (70-80%) Pancreatic secretion increases greatly following chyme entrance into small intestine and CCK release |
Intestinal
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Chyme enters duedenum -> HCl releases _______ -> causes pancreatic release of bicarbonate, which neutralizes chyme
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secretin
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Food in upper small intestine causes ___ release from duedenum I-cells
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CCK
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Hepatocytes fx to:
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metabolic processing
synthesis of plasma proteins nutrient storage activation of vitamin D |
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resident liver macrophages
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Kupffer cells
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_______ flow of blood in sinusoids to central vein and ________ flow of bile in bile canaliculi to bile ducts
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centripetal(periferal center)
centrifugal (center outward) |
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Fat in duodenum causes ____ release, which causes gallbladder contraction, which releases bile into duodenum
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CCK
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The _______ stores and concentrates the bile produced in the liver that is not immediately needed for digestion. Bile is released from the gallbladder into the small intestine in response to food. The pancreatic duct joins the common bile duct at the small intestine adding enzymes to aid in digestion.
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gallbladder
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Bile produced in liver, stored in gallbladder (20-50 ml capacity), released into duodenum during meals, helps emulsify (break up) fats, absorb vitamins _______(4)
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D, E, K, A
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