Physio Lab Final

Front 1

Back 1

Urinometer

Front 2

Back 2

Mallet-sensory

Front 3

Back 3

Tuning fork-sensory

Front 4

Back 4

Blood pressure cuff and Stethoscope

Front 5

A

Back 5

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)

Air forcibly taken in above TV

~3000 ml

Front 6

B

Back 6

Tidal volume (TV)

Air volume moved per breath

~500ml

Front 7

C

Back 7

Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

Air forcibly moved out past TV

~1000 ml

Front 8

D

Back 8

Residual volume (RV)

Air that remains in lungs

~500 ml

Front 9

ABC

Back 9

Vital Capacity

Front 10

Electrical pathway

Back 10

SA node-AV node-Bundles of His-Purkinje fibers

Front 11

1

Back 11

PR interval

Depolarization from SA through AV

Front 12

2

Back 12

PR segment

Front 13

6

Back 13

QT interval

Ventricular dramatization + repolarization

Front 14

8

Back 14

T wave

Ventricular repolarization

Front 15

9

Back 15

U wave

Front 16

10

Back 16

P wave

Atrial depolarization

Front 17

11

Back 17

Q wave

Front 18

12

Back 18

S wave

Front 19

13

Back 19

R wave

Front 20

From beginning of 8 to end of 10

Back 20

TP interval

Ventricular diastole

Front 21

3

Back 21

QRS interval

Ventricle depolarization

Atrial repolarization (cannot see)

Front 22

Forced Vital Capacity

Back 22

Vital capacity when forcibly exhale

Healthy=FVC greater or equal to predicted

Restrictive pulmonary disease=less than predicted

Front 23

FEV1,2 &3

Back 23

Forced Expiratory Volume

Volume forcibly exhaled after 1,2 &3 seconds

Front 24

Pulmonary function equation

Back 24

FEV1/FVC×100

80%=healthy

Less than 80%= obstructive pulmonary disease

Front 25

MV

Back 25

Minute Volume

Volume of air per minute

Respiratory rate × tidal volume

Front 26

MVV

Back 26

Maximum voluntary ventilation

Volume of air maximally moved per minute

RR×TV

Front 27

Vital Capacity

Back 27

Max air moved through lungs

TV+IRV+ERV

~4500 ml

Front 28

Calculate HR: 3-second method

Back 28

Count R peaks in 3 seconds

Multiply by 20

(3×20=60sec)

Front 29

Calculate HR: 6 second method

Back 29

Count R peaks in 6 seconds

Multiply by 10

Front 30

Calculate HR: R-R (most accurate)

Back 30

Seconds from one R to another

1 beat/seconds=x beats/60 seconds

(1÷seconds×60=BPM)

Front 31

5 Cardinal Rules: Interpretation of Dysrhythms

Back 31

1. Rhythm should be regular

2. HR should be 60-100 BPM

3. P-QRS ratio should be one to one

4. P-R interval= 0.12-0.20 seconds

5. QRS interval= 0.049-0.10 seconds

Front 32

Regular Rhythm means

Back 32

Time span does not vary between one R-R interval and others

Front 33

When to use 3 or 6 second methods vs R-R methods

Back 33

R-R only if regular rhythm

3 or 6 for irregular or regular

60-100 BPM

Front 34

P-QRS ration is one to one if

Back 34

For every P wave there is a QRS that follows

Front 35

What is the P-R interval

Back 35

Start of P to start of Q

Conduction/depol. from SA node through AV node

0.12-0.20 seconds

Front 36

What is the QRS interval

Back 36

From start of Q to end of S

Conduction from AV node through purkinje fibers

Ventricular depolarization

Atrial repolarization

0.04-0.10 seconds

Front 37

The PQRST wave represents

Back 37

Systole

From start of P to end of T

Front 38

Where is diastole on an EKG

Back 38

End of T to start of P

Front 39

1

Back 39

Tunica media

Smooth muscle (w/elastin in arteries)

Vasodilation & constriction

Front 40

2

Back 40

Tunica externa

Elastic & collagenous

Elasticity of vessel

Front 41

1

Back 41

Bundle of nerves

Front 42

2

Back 42

Artery

(Thick tunica media)

Front 43

3

Back 43

Vein

Front 44

Tunica intima

Back 44

Endothelium

Keeps things moving smoothly

(Thinnest)

Front 45

1

Back 45

Intercalated disk

(Perpendicular to nucleus)

Front 46

2

Back 46

Nucleus

Front 47

1

Back 47

Intercalated disc

Connects individual heart muscle cells

Front 48

2

Back 48

Sarcomere

Contractile unit of a myofibril

Front 49

1

Back 49

Sarcomere

Front 50

2

Back 50

M line

Front 51

3

(center line & white on both sides)

Back 51

H zone

Front 52

4

Back 52

A band

Thick filaments, M line in middle

Front 53

5

Back 53

Z disc

Front 54

6

Back 54

I band

Thin filaments, z disc in middle

Front 55

1

Back 55

Islet of Langerhans (pancreas)

Alpha cells》glucagon

Beta cells》insulin

Front 56

Back 56

Islets of Langerhans

High blood glucose-Beta cells produce insulin-cells uptake glucose, liver stores glycogen

Low blood glucose-Alpha cells produce glucagon-liver releases glucose

Front 57

1

Back 57

Anterior pituitary

Hypothalamus-portal vein

Tropic/regulating hormones

6 (TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, PRL, GH)

Front 58

2

Back 58

Posterior Pituitary

Hypothalamus-nerves

ADH, Oxytocin

Front 59

Back 59

Anterior pituitary

Hypothalamus-portal vein

Tropic/regulating hormones

Front 60

Back 60

Posterior Pituitary

Hypothalamus-nerves

Oxytocin, ADH

High blood osmolarity-osmoreceptor-

hypothalamus/post.pituitary/ADH-

Kidneys-

Reabsorb H2O: less urine formed-

Lower blood osmalarity

Front 61

1

Back 61

Cuboid follicular cells

Thyroid hormones T3 and T4

Basal metabolic rate

Front 62

2

Back 62

Colloid (thyroid)

Front 63

3

Back 63

Parafollicular cells

Calcitonin when high calcium

(Thyroid)

Front 64

1

Back 64

Cuboid follicular cell of thyroid

Thyroid hormones T3, T4

Basal metabolic rate

Front 65

2

Back 65

Colloid (thyroid)

Front 66

3

Back 66

Parafollicular cells of Thyroid

Calcitonin

High blood calcium-

Thyroid releases calcitonin-

Osteoblasts store calcium in bone-

Lower blood calcium

Front 67

Whole unit (circled)

Back 67

Thyroid follicle

Front 68

Which organ is this and what does it help regulate?

Back 68

Thyroid

Metabolism & blood calcium (lowers Ca)

Front 69

1

Back 69

Adrenal capsule

Front 70

2

Back 70

Adrenal cortex

Glucocortisoids, mineralcorticoids, androgens

Front 71

4

Back 71

Zona fasciculata

Cortisol-stress

Front 72

3

Back 72

Zona glomerulosa

Aldosterone-blood volume

Front 73

5

Back 73

Zona reticularis

Sex hormones

Front 74

6

Back 74

Adrenal medulla

Epinephrine & Norepinephrine

Front 75

A: name gland, zone, hormone and function

Back 75

Adrenal gland

Zona glomerulosa

Aldosterone

Low blood volume》inceases sodium absorption》water follows》

Also promotes potassium excretion

Front 76

B: gland, zone, hormone, purpose?

Back 76

Adrenal gland

Zona fasciculata

Cortisol

Up blood blood glucose & liver glycogen, lower inflammation & immune response

Front 77

C: gland, zone, hormones, purpose?

Back 77

Adrenal gland

Zona reticularis

Androgens

Sex hormones

Front 78

D: gland, zone, hormones, purpose?

Back 78

Adrenal gland

Adrenal medulla

Epinephrine & Norepinephrine

Stimulates glucose & glycogen use, release of lipids & adipocytes

Increases HR, BP

Vasoconstricts BV

Front 79

Gland and hormones?

Back 79

Ovary

Estrogen, testosterone and progesterone

progesterone

Front 80

Gland, hormones, and what's that big opening?

Back 80

Ovary

Estrogen, testosterone, progesterone

Graafian follicle (contains fluid)

Front 81

Organ, hormone and structure?

Back 81

Testis

Testosterone (leydic cells)

Seminiferous tubule

Front 82

Gland & hormones?

Back 82

Testis

Testosterone (leydic cells)

Front 83

1

Back 83

0.5 mV or 5 mm

Front 84

4

Back 84

5 mV or 5 mm

Front 85

2

Back 85

0.04 seconds

Front 86

3

Back 86

0.2 seconds

Front 87

How many large squares equal 1 second? (horizontal)

Back 87

5

Front 88

Back 88

I feel like since this has * on the sheet, we should know it

Front 89

CNII

Back 89

Optic Cranial Nerve-sensory/afferent

Carries info into brain

Right CNII damaged=

Light in Right eye: neither pupils constrict &

Light in Left eye: both pupils constrict

Front 90

CNIII

Back 90

Oculormotor Cranial Nerve-motor/efferent

Right CNIII damaged=

Light in Right Eye: left eye constricts

Light in Left Eye: left eye constricts

Front 91

Rinne Test

Back 91

Rinne test: Tuning fork base at mastoid process, when no sound present move fork to front of ear. Then reverse order on ear

Conduction deafness: sound by mastoid after air or no sound in air after mastoid

Front 92

Weber Test

Back 92

Tuning fork on vertex of skull

Conduction deafness: Sounds better in poor ear-simulated by putting cotton in one ear

Front 93

Plantar (Babinski) Reflex

Back 93

Test for Upper Motor Neuron lesion, Corticospinal damage

Normal Adult: Plantar flexion (downward movement)

Normal Infant: Plantar Extension (Big toe upward, toes may fan)