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137 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

What is a mechanical wave?

The oscillation of particles which cause a transfer of energy though a medium

What are 2 transverse waves?

Water waves


Light waves

What is a type of longitudinal wave?

Sound

Are transfers waves perpendicular or parallel?

Perpendicular

Are longitudinal waves perpendicular or parallel?

Parallel

3 properties that X-rays have.

short wave length


highly penetrating


highly ionising

Are X-rays light or sound?

light

How are electromagnetic waves and mechanical waves different?

mechanical waves need a medium to move through


whereas electromagnetic waves do not

whats the wave length of an X-ray?

around 1 nanometre

describe how X-rays work

1. the x-rays are emitted towards the body


2. they transmit though soft tissue but are absorbed by dense bone


3. the x-rays not absorbed then hit the photographic film turning it black


4. areas that were absorbed come out white so you can see breaks or fractures

how do CT scans work?

by emitting x-rays towards the body from all angles to create a 3D image

describe how CT scans work

1. x-rays are emitted towards the body from all angles


2. the rays transmit though the body but are absorbed by more dense tissue and bone


3. x-rays reach detector containing CCD's which detect the various intensities of light.


4. CCD's then convert the light to a 3D image

what are CCD's?

charged coupled devices

advantage of x-rays

you can see breaks and fractures in bones

disadvantage of both x-rays and CT's

they're highly ionising and they could alter the DNA and cause cells to divide and create a mutation/tumor

advantage of CT's

you can see different tissues as well as bone

what does an oscilloscope do?

it makes it able for us to see sound waves (longitudinal) as light (transverse)

does increasing the amplitude of the wave make the sound louder or quieter?

louder

does increasing the wave length increase or decrease the pitch?

decrease

whats the range of human hearing?

20Hz to 20,000Hz

what is an ultrasound?

a sound wave which is above the range of human hearing

what happens to the speed of an ultrasound if it changes mediums?

it changes its speed

what is the equation to work out the speed of a wave?

speed=frequency x wavelength


v=f x WL

whats 2 uses for ultrasounds?

1. ultrasound imaging (baby scans)


2. breaking down kidney stones

what happens when ultrasound waves meet a medium?

some are refracted and some travel though

why does refraction happen?

when light reaches the boundary at an angle one side of the ray hits first and speed up/slows down first so causes the light to change angle

when the light is going into a denser medium does it slow down or speed up?

slows down

when the light is going into a denser medium does it slow down or speed up?

speed up

what is Snell's Law?

refractive index=sin(index)/sin(refraction)


n=sin(i)/sin(r)

what happens if the angle of the light ray is smaller than the critical?

it refracts

when the light refracts are 90 degrees (the normal) what is the angle of the light?

the same as the critical

what happens in total internal refraction?

the angle of the light is larger than the critical

what is the equation for the critical?

critical=1/sin-1(refractive index)

what are uses of total internal refraction?

used in optical fibers to transmit data at high speeds(fiber optic internet)


endoscopes

what is a real image?

a image that can be projected onto a screen were the rays of light meet

what is a virtual image?

forms where the rays appear to come from, you must look though the lens at the other side to see the object

what is magnified and diminished?

magnified= bigger


diminished=smaller

what is inverted and upright?

inverted= upside down


upright= right way

whats is function of the iris?

varies the size of the pupil varies depending on the amount of light entering the eye.

whats the function of the cornea?

aids the lense in refracting light as a protective layer filtering out UV

whats the function of the pupil?

a hole that varies in size due to the iris . this controls the amount of light entering the eye.

whats the function of the retina?

converts light into electrical signals that the brain converts to images.

whats the function of the lens?

changes shape in order to refract and converge light to the retina

whats the function of the cillary muscles?

to change the shape or curvature of the lens in order to focus light on the retina.

whats the function of the suspensory ligaments?

connnets muscles to lense

whats the same as a cornea and lens in a camera?

lens

whats the same as a retina in a camera?

CCD

whats the same as a pupil in a camera?

aperture

if you are longsighted do you need a converged or diverged lens?

converged

if you are shortsighted do you need a converged or diverged lens?

diverged

what cause long-sightedness?

eye ball being too short


lens unable to focus

what causes short-sightedness?

eye ball too long


lens unable to focus

what is A?
what is A?
iris
what is B?
what is B?
suspensory muscles
what is C?
what is C?
retina
what is D?
what is D?
optical nerve
what is E?
what is E?
ciliary muscles
what is F?
what is F?
cornea
what is G?
what is G?
pupil
what is H?
what is H?
lens
if the image is closer does the curvature need to be larger or smaller?
larger
If the image is further away does the curvature need to be larger or smaller?
smaller
what is mass?
a measure of how much matter something has- how many particles its made from
where is the centre of mass thought to be?
where the mass is most concentrated
how do you find the centre of mass of a regular object?
draw lines of symmetry
what are the two ways to increase stability?

lower the centre of mass


make the base wider

what are 3 of the 5 types of error?

measurement error


anomalies


random error


systematic error


zero error

how does increasing the amplitude of a swing effect the swing time?
as the amplitude increases the swing increases
how does increasing the string length effect the swing time?
as it increases the swing time increaes
what is a moment?(and messurement)
a moment is the turning effect of a force, it is measured in NM (newton metres)
what effects a moment?

distance force acts from pivot


magnitude of force applied

how does the length of the force to pivot effect the flexion?
as the force gets further from the pivot the flexion increases
how does the force applied effect the flexion?
the more force applied the more flexion
how do you make an object unstable?
make the line of action outside of the object
make the line of action outside of the object

What happens when the centre of mass gets higher?

The angle to tilt decreases

What happens when the centre of mass gets higher?

The angle to tilt decreases

What is speed?

The distance a object goes in a set time

What happens when the centre of mass gets higher?

The angle to tilt decreases

What is speed?

The distance a object goes in a set time

What is velocity?

The speed of an object but in a particular direction

What happens when the centre of mass gets higher?

The angle to tilt decreases

What is speed?

The distance a object goes in a set time

What is velocity?

The speed of an object but in a particular direction

What is the speed of an object in circular motion?

Always the SAME

What happens when the centre of mass gets higher?

The angle to tilt decreases

What is speed?

The distance a object goes in a set time

What is velocity?

The speed of an object but in a particular direction

What is the speed of an object in circular motion?

Always the SAME

What is the velocity of an object in circular motion?

Always CHANGING

Front (Term)

-10

Front (Term)

-10

Front (Term)

0

-10

0

What is centripetal force?

A force on an object in circular motion which acts towards the centre

What the force acting on a car going round a corner?

Friction

How do you increase the magnetic force in electromagnets?

Increase current


Increase magnet strength


More wires/coils

What does the left hand rule do?

Predict the direction of force

What does the forefinger represent in Flemings left hand rule?

Field

What does the thumb represent in Flemings left hand rule?

Movement

What does the second finger represent in Flemings left hand rule?

Current

What's the definition of pressure?

Force per unit area

What is pressure?

Force over area

What is pressure measured in?

N/m2


Or


Pa

What is a property of liquid which enables it to be used for hydraulics?

When pressure acts on a liquid it acts equally

What happens when you cut through a magnetic field with a wire?

The electrons in the wire move and a current is induced

What's the force acting on a planet orbiting the sun?

Gravity

Amount of current can be increased by?

Increasing coils


Increase magnet strength


Faster movement

What's the force acting on an electron orbiting a nucleus?

Electrostatic

When will centripetal force increase?

Speed of object increases


Mass of object increases


Decrease the radius of circle

What is a magnetic field?

A magnetic field is a region of space established around a magnetic object or moving charges particles in which magnetic objects experience a force

When charged particles move in a wire what is established?

A magnetic field around the wire

What is a coil of wire?

Solenoid

What shape of magnetic field would a solenoid produce?

Same as a bar magnet

What can happen when you wrap a solenoid around a iron core?

Create an electromagnet

What are uses of electromagnets?

Scrap yard cranes


Electric bell


RCCB Circuit breakers

What the force acting on a car going round a corner?

Friction

How do you increase the magnetic force in electromagnets?

Increase current


Increase magnet strength


More wires/coils

What does the left hand rule do?

Predict the direction of force

What does the forefinger represent in Flemings left hand rule?

Field

What does the thumb represent in Flemings left hand rule?

Movement

What does the second finger represent in Flemings left hand rule?

Current

What's the definition of pressure?

Force per unit area

What is pressure?

Force over area

What is pressure measured in?

N/m2


Or


Pa

What is a property of liquid which enables it to be used for hydraulics?

When pressure acts on a liquid it acts equally

What happens when you cut through a magnetic field with a wire?

The electrons in the wire move and a current is induced

What's the force acting on a planet orbiting the sun?

Gravity

Amount of current can be increased by?

Increasing coils


Increase magnet strength


Faster movement

What's the force acting on an electron orbiting a nucleus?

Electrostatic

When will centripetal force increase?

Speed of object increases


Mass of object increases


Decrease the radius of circle

What is a magnetic field?

A magnetic field is a region of space established around a magnetic object or moving charges particles in which magnetic objects experience a force

When charged particles move in a wire what is established?

A magnetic field around the wire

What is a coil of wire?

Solenoid

What shape of magnetic field would a solenoid produce?

Same as a bar magnet

What can happen when you wrap a solenoid around a iron core?

Create an electromagnet

What are uses of electromagnets?

Scrap yard cranes


Electric bell


RCCB Circuit breakers