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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Vector quantities |
Magnitude and direction |
Acceleration, momentum, displacement, velocity, force |
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Scalar Quantities |
Magnitude only |
Speed, distance, time, temperature, mass |
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Contact force |
Two objects must be touching for the force to occur |
Friction, air resistance, normal contact force (chair and ground) |
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Non-contact force |
Object do not need to be touching for the force to act |
Magnetic force, gravitational force, electrostatic force |
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Weight |
Force acting on an object due to gravity |
Measured in Newton’s (N) It is directly proportional to mass |
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Resultant force |
Single force that represents a number of forces that had the same affect as them |
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Work done |
When a force moves an object through a distance, energy is transferred and work is done |
Measure in joules (J), 1J=1Nm |
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Components of forces |
Diagonal line split into horizontal and vertical components (right angle triangle) |
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Elastically deformed |
It can go back to it’s original shape and length |
All energy has been transferred to the object’s elastic potential energy |
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Uniform acceleration |
Speeding up/ slowing down at a constant rate |
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Distance-Time graphs |
Gradient= Speed Flat sections = Stationary Straight = Steady Speed Curves = De/acceleration |
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Velocity-Time graphs |
Gradient = acceleration Flat = constant speed Straight = constant de/acceleration Curve = increasing acceleration |
Area underneath = distance traveled in the time |
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Terminal Velocity |
Frictional forces = accelerating force so resultant force is 0 |
Maximum speed |
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Newton’s 1st Law |
If resultant force on stationary object is 0, it will remain stopped |
If resultant force on moving object = 0, it will carry on moving at the same velocity (speed and direction) |
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Newton’s 2nd Law |
F=ma |
Force is directly proportional to mass Acceleration is inversely proportional to mass (for a fixed resultant force) |
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Newton’s 3rd Law |
When two objects interact, the forces they exert on each other are equal and opposite |
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Inertia |
Tendency to continue in the same state of motion |
Inertial Mass ~ m=F/a |
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Inelastically deformed |
It doesn’t return to its original shape and length |
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Spring constant |
Stiffer spring has a greater spring constant |
Force is directly proportional to extension (F=ke) |
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Moment |
Turning effect of a force If total anti-clockwise = total clockwise then it’s balanced |
Maximum moment is produced when pushing at a right angle to the spanner |
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Levers |
They increase the distance from the pivot at which the force is applied. Less force is therefore needed (use equation) for the same moment |
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Gears |
Transmit rotational effect on a force from one place to another |
Force transmitted to a larger heat will cause a bigger moment (bigger distance). The larger gear will turn slower |
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Pressure in fluids |
Force is exerted normal (at right angles) to any surface in contact with the fluid |
In a liquid, it depends on depth and density |
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Upthrust |
Resultant force due to a greater pressure underneath a submerged (all or a bit) object in a fluid than the pressure on top |
Upthrust = weight of fluid displaced by object |
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Floating |
If the object is less dense than the fluid, it will float (displaced enough weight of fluid before being fully submerged) |
If the object is more dense than water, it will sink (unable to displace enough fluid to be equal to its weight) |
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Atmospheric pressure |
Air molecules colliding with a surface |
As altitude increases, atmospheric pressure decreases (atmosphere is less dense) |
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Stopping distance |
Thinking distance + Breaking distance |
TD= seeing-> hitting breaks BD= pressing breaks-> stopping |
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Momentum |
The quantity of motion of a moving body It’s a vector quantity |
Kg m/s |
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Conservation of momentum |
Total momentum before = total momentum after |
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Forces and Momentum |
Non 0 resultant force = change in velocity and therefore a change in momentum Force = (change in momentum)/(change in time) Larger force = faster change in momentum = dangerous |
F= (m🔼v)/(🔼t) |
