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103 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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DIAGRAM OF CONCAVE LENS |
Back (Definition) |
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What is a vector quantity? |
A quantity that has both magnitude and direction. |
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What is a contact force? |
Forces in which the objects are usually touching. For example the tension as two people pull away from each other. |
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What is a Non-Contact force? |
A force in which the objects are not touching. E.g the force of gravity acting even when the objects aren’t touching. |
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What is the equation for Weight? |
mass x gravitational field strength |
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What is the Resultant Force? |
When more than one force acts on an object, these forces can be seen as a single force that has the same effect as all the forces acting together. |
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What is the equation for work done? |
Force x distance moved |
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What is the equation for force? |
spring constant x extension |
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What is the equation for the moment of a force? |
Force x distance |
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What is the Required Practical associated with Forces in Action? |
Back (Definition) |
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What is the equation for a moment of a force? |
Force x distance
The turning effect is called the moment of a force |
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What is the purpose of levers and gears? |
• transmit the rotational effects of a force. • magnify either the size of the applied force or the distance the force moves over. |
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What is the equation for pressure? |
Force normal to a surface / area of that force |
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What is the formula for pressure? |
Height of column x density of liquid x gravitational field strength |
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What is the formula for speed? |
Speed x time |
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What was Newton’s First Law? |
“An object will remain in the same state of motion unless acted on by an external force” |
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Define inertia. |
The tendency for objects to continue in the same state of motion. |
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What is the formula for acceleration? |
Change on velocity / time taken |
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What is the equation for force? |
Mass x acceleration |
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What is Newton’s Second Law? |
“The acceleration of an object is proportional to the resultant force on the object and inversely proportional to the mass of the object.” |
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What is the Required Practical associated with Forces and Acceleration? |
Back (Definition) |
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What is the equation for acceleration? |
Change in Velocity/Time Taken SUVAT |
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In a Velocity-Time graph, what does the gradient represent? |
Acceleration |
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In a Velocity-Time graph, what does the gradient represent? |
Acceleration |
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What is the equation for momentum? |
Mass x Velocity |
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What is the Conservation of Momentum? |
Momentum Before = Momentum After |
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What is Terminal Velocity? |
A point in which an object will fall at a steady speed. |
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What is the equation for Work Done? |
Force x Distance |
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What two factors make up stopping distance? |
•Thinking Distance - the distance travelled during the driver’s reaction time •Braking Distance - the distance traveled under the breaking force. |
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What are the two types of magnetic pole? |
•North seeking •South seeking |
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What is the motor effect? |
When a current carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field it experiences a force. Converts electrical energy to kinetic energy. |
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What are Induced Magnets? |
Something which becomes a magnet when placed in a magnetic field. when removed from the field, they lose their magnetism quickly. |
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What is the equation for force?(in electricity) |
Magnetic flux density x current x length of wire (within field) |
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What are Permanent Magnets? |
Magnets which produce their own magnetic field. |
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What are Induced Magnets? |
Something which becomes a magnet when placed in a magnetic field. when removed from the field, they lose their magnetism quickly. |
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What is flux density? |
A measure of the density of the field lines around a magnet. |
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What is the Right Hand Rule? |
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What is a solenoid? |
A coil of wire which partially surrounds an iron core. It is made to move inside the coil by the magnetic field set up by a current; used to convert electrical to mechanical energy. |
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What factors effect the strength of a magnetic field. |
•The size of the current •The distance from the wire |
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What factors effect the motor effect. |
•the size of the current. •the length of conductor in the magnetic field. |
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What is an Electromagnet? |
A magnet consisting of an iron or steel core, wound with a coil of wire, through which current passes through. |
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What is Fleming’s Left Hand Rule? |
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What is a commutator? |
A device used to reverse the direction of the current in motors/generators. |
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What is the equation for impact force? |
Change in momentum/Change in time. |
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What are the two types of the waves? |
•Longitudinal •Transverse They both transfer energy from one place to another. |
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What are the Properties of Waves? |
•Frequency - the number of waves passing a fixed point per second. Measure in hertz (Hz). •Amplitude - the maximum displacement that any particle achieves from its undisturbed position in metres (m). •Wavelength - the distance from one point in a wave to the equivalent point in the next wave in metres (m). •Period - the time taken for one complete oscillation in seconds (s). |
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What is the equation for a period? |
1/frequency |
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What is the equation for Wave Speed? |
Frequency x Wavelength |
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What is the Required Practical associated with Waves and Wave Properties? |
Back (Definition) |
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What is the equation for impact force? |
Change in momentum/Change in time. |
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What are the two types of the waves? |
•Longitudinal •Transverse They both transfer energy from one place to another. |
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What are the Properties of Waves? |
•Frequency - the number of waves passing a fixed point per second. Measure in hertz (Hz). •Amplitude - the maximum displacement that any particle achieves from its undisturbed position in metres (m). •Wavelength - the distance from one point in a wave to the equivalent point in the next wave in metres (m). •Period - the time taken for one complete oscillation in seconds (s). |
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Define Oscillate. |
To vibrate/swing from side to side with a regular frequency. |
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What is the equation for a period? |
1/frequency |
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What is the equation for Wave Speed? |
Frequency x Wavelength |
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What is Reflection? |
When a wave meets a boundary between two materials and is bounced back. |
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What is Refraction? |
When a wave meets a boundary between two different materials and changes direction. |
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What is the equation for impact force? |
Change in momentum/Change in time. |
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What happens of something is Transmitted? |
A wave is sent out from a source or passed through a material. |
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What is refractive index? |
The way in which light rays are affected by a material. |
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What happens to the light when it travels from a material with low refractive index to a material of high refractive index? |
It bends light towards the normal. |
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What are the two types of the waves? |
•Longitudinal •Transverse They both transfer energy from one place to another. |
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Define Oscillate. |
To vibrate/swing from side to side with a regular frequency. |
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What is the equation for a period? |
1/frequency |
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What is the equation for Wave Speed? |
Frequency x Wavelength |
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What is Reflection? |
When a wave meets a boundary between two materials and is bounced back. |
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What is Refraction? |
When a wave meets a boundary between two different materials and changes direction. |
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What is absorption? |
To take in and retain (all or some) incident radiated energy. |
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What is the Required Practical associated with Reflection, Refraction and Sound. |
Back (Definition) |
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What does Amplitude relate to with Sound Waves? |
The Loudness. |
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What dictates the Pitch of a Sound Wave? |
The Frequency and Wavelength. |
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What is the Normal Range of Human Hearing? |
20Hz to 20kHz. |
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What are Ultrasonic Waves? |
Waves that have a frequency greater than 20kHz, so they cannot be heard by humans. |
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What happens when an Ultrasonic Wave meets a Boundary between Two Media? |
It is partially reflected. |
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How do you determine how far away a boundary is? |
Measuring the time taken for reflected ultrasonic waves to return to a detector. |
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What does Amplitude relate to with Sound Waves? |
The Loudness. |
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What dictates the Pitch of a Sound Wave? |
The Frequency and Wavelength. |
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What is the Normal Range of Human Hearing? |
20Hz to 20kHz. |
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What are Ultrasonic Waves? |
Waves that have a frequency greater than 20kHz, so they cannot be heard by humans. |
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What happens when an Ultrasonic Wave meets a Boundary between Two Media? |
It is partially reflected. |
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How do you determine how far away a boundary is? |
Measuring the time taken for reflected ultrasonic waves to return to a detector. |
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What is Echo Sounding? |
Sonar The use of Ultrasonic Waves for detecting objects in deep water. |
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What are the two types of Seismic Waves? |
P-Waves (Primary) S-Waves (Secondary) |
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What are the properties of P-Wave? |
•Are Longitudinal Waves. •Travel at the Speed of Sound and are Twice as fast as S-Waves. •Travel at different speeds through solids and liquids. |
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What are the properties of S-Waves? |
Transverse Waves that are unable to travel through liquids. |
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What happens during an Earthquake? |
Seismic Waves travel outwards from the earthquake and are able of travelling through Earth. These waves are in a curved path as the Earth increases in density with depth. Detectors placed around Earth measure of when and where the waves arrive. |
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What are the properties of S-Wave shadow zones. |
S-Waves aren’t able to travel through the liquid outer core, resulting in a large shadow zone on the other side of the Earth. This also gives evidence for the size of the Earth’s core. |
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What are the properties of a P-Wave shadow zone? |
P-Waves are able to travel through the liquid outer core. They are refracted between the semi-solid mantle and the liquid outer core. They are refracted again at the boundary between the liquid outer core and the solid inner core. This can be used to determine the size of the inner and outer core. |
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What are Electromagnetic Waves? |
They are all transverse waves, they all travel at the speed of light in air or a vacuum. |
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What are Electromagnetic Waves? |
They are all transverse waves, they all travel at the speed of light in air or a vacuum. |
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What is the Speed of Sound underwater? |
1500m/s |
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What is the Generator Effect? |
When conductors in magnetic fields interact, a voltage can be induced. |
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In the Generator Effect, what increases the Voltage? |
Increasing the speed of movement or increasing the size of the magnetic field. |
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What will reversing the direction of the current do in a Generator? |
Reverses the movement or the magnetic field. |
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What will reversing the direction of the current do in a Generator? |
Reverses the movement or the magnetic field. |
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What is Alternator? |
An electrical machine that uses a rotating magnet inside a fixed coil of wire to generate a rotating magnet. |
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What will reversing the direction of the current do in a Generator? |
Reverses the movement or the magnetic field. |
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What is Alternator? |
An electrical machine that uses a rotating magnet inside a fixed coil of wire to generate a rotating magnet. |
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What is a Dynamo? |
A device that uses a rotating coil and a fixed magnet to convert mechanical energy into direct current. |
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How does a Microphone work? |
1) Sound Waves hit the microphone. 2) The changes in air pressure related to the sound wave cause the microphone diaphragm oscillate. 3) The microphone diaphragm and coil vibrate at the same frequency as the sound wave. 4) This induces a voltage and current in the coil with the same frequency as the sound wave. |
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What does a basic transformer consist of? |
A Primary and Secondary Coil wrapped around a soft iron core. |
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How does a Transformer work? |
1) An alternating current flows through the primary coil. 2) This induces an alternating magnetic field. 3) This induces an alternating voltage in the secondary coil. 4) An alternating current flows in the secondary coil of it is part of a complete circuit. |
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What is the equation for Power? |
Voltage x Current |
