Physics Paper 1

Front 1

Name 3 potential energy stores and their formulas.

Back 1

Kinetic, gravitational and elastic potential energy.

Kinetic : E = 1/2mv^2

Gravitational : E = mgh

Elastic : E = 1/2ke^2

Front 2

True or false: energy can be created and destroyed in a system.

Back 2

False, energy cannot be created or destroyed in a system.

Front 3

Name one way of reducing heat loss in the home.

Back 3

Insulation can be used since the home can cool down slower. It can take the form of loft insulation to cavity wall insulation.

Front 4

Define specific heat capacity and give the formula.

Back 4

It is the measure of how much energy is required to heat 1kg of substance by 1C.

Change in energy = mass * SHC * temp change

Front 5

Define conduction and convection.

Back 5

Conduction is the process of where vibrating particles transfer energy to neighbouring particles.

Convection is where energetic particles move away from hotter to cooler regions.

Front 6

Give the work done equation.

Back 6

P = E / T

Front 7

Give 2 renewable and non renewable energy sources.

Back 7

Renewable: Solar, wind, biomass, etc.

Non renewable: coal, oil, gas, etc.

Front 8

Give advantages and disadvantages for renewable energy types (excluding biomass).

Back 8

Advantages: good for the environment, little pollution, no fuel costs, little permanent damage.

Disadvantages: can be expensive, not as reliable.

Front 9

Give an advantage and disadvantage for non renewable energy sources.

Back 9

One advantage is that they are reliable but on the other hand create environmental concerns.

Front 10

Give the units for potential difference, current, charge and resistance.

Back 10

Volts, amps, coulombs and ohms.

Front 11

How is charge flow worked out?

Back 11

Q = IT

Charge = current * time

Front 12

Where in a circuit are the ammeters and voltmetets placed?

Back 12

Ammeter is always in series, voltmeters in parallel.

Front 13

Name the equation linking voltage, current and time.

Back 13

V = IR

Voltage = current * time

Front 14

What do ohmic conductors have?

Back 14

They have direct resistance, with the current being directly proportional to time.

Front 15

What shape are the ohmic conductor, filament lamp and diode graphs?

Back 15

Front 16

What is the characteristics of potential difference, current and resistance in a series circuit?

Back 16

Pd: V(tot) = v1 + v2 ...

Current: i1 = i2 ...

Resistance: R(tot) = r1 + r2

Front 17

What is the characteristics of potential difference, current and resistance in a parallel circuit?

Back 17

Pd: V1 = V2 ...

Current: I(tot) = i1 + i2 ...

Resistance: adding a resistor in parallel reduces the total resistance of the circuit.

Front 18

Give the two types of electricity supply.

Back 18

AC (alternating current) and DC (direct current).

Front 19

What are the three wires found in a plug?

Back 19

Live (brown) at 230V, 50Hz

Neutral (blue) at 0V

Earth (green and yellow) at 0V

Front 20

Give the equation linking energy transferred, power and time.

Back 20

E = pt

Energy transferred = power * time

Front 21

Give the equation linking power, potential difference and time.

Back 21

P = VI

Power = potential difference * current

Front 22

True or false: the national grid uses a low pd and high current.

Back 22

False - with high current there is a lot of wasted energy so the potential difference is boosted up to 400,000 V

Front 23

Describe the national grid.

Back 23

Front 24

Which move with static electricity - electrons or protons?

Back 24

Only electrons.

Front 25

Which way do electric field lines point?

Back 25

From positive to negative.

Front 26

Give the density formula.

Back 26

Density (kg/m^3) = mass (kg) / volume (m^3)

Front 27

How is the density of a solid found?

Back 27

Find it's mass and, by using a eureka can, measure the amount of liquid displaced in cm^2. Plug in the values into the formula.

Front 28

How is the density of a liquid found?

Back 28

Front 29

What is internal energy?

Back 29

The energy stored by the particles that make up a system.

Front 30

What is specific latent heat?

Back 30

When melting or boiling, you are putting in energy to break intermolecular bonds, rather than raising the temperature. Bonds form when freezing or condensing, however the temperature only goes down when all of the substance has turned to liquid or solid. The energy needed to change the state of substance is latent heat.

Front 31

Define latent heat.

Back 31

The amount of energy needed to change 1kg of substance from one state to another without changing it's heat.

Front 32

Give the formula for specific latent heat.

Back 32

E = ml

Energy = mass * specific latent heat.

Front 33

True or false - a change in pressure can cause change in volume of a gas.

Back 33

True - this effect can be observed in weather balloons. As the balloon rises, the atmospheric pressure decreases. This causes the pressure inside the balloon to drop to the same as atmospheric pressure.

Front 34

Describe the two particles and wave.

Back 34

Alpha - helium nuclei with two neutrons and protons. +2 charge. Stopped by air.

Beta - high speed electron. Small mass with charge of -1. Stopped by aluminium.

Gamma - waves of em radiation. No charge and reduced by lead.

Front 35

What happens in beta decay?

Back 35

A neutron turns into a proton and releases a beta particle. No mass change but the chemical element changes.

Front 36

What happens in alpha decay?

Back 36

The atomic number reduces by 2 and the mass number by 4.

Front 37

What is decay measured in?

Back 37

Decay is measured in bequerels.

Front 38

What is a half-life?

Back 38

The time taken for the number of radioactive nuclei in an isotope to halve.

Front 39

Name a source of background radiation.

Back 39

Rocks, building materials, food, cosmic rays etc.

Front 40

Name two factors of how much background radiation a person recieves.

Back 40

Job and where they live.

Front 41

Define irradiation and contamination.

Back 41

Exposure to radiation is irradiation and contamination is radioactive particles getting onto objects.

Front 42

Give an example of a medical tracer.

Back 42

Iodine-123 gives out gamma radiation which can diagnose blockages. Tracers have a short half life and are never alpha emitters.

Front 43

What is radiotherapy?

Back 43

When cancer is treated with a precise dosage of gamma rays without damaging normal cells.

Front 44

What is nuclear fission?

Back 44

When a large nuclei breaks to make smaller atoms.

Front 45

What is nuclear fusion?

Back 45

The joining of two hydrogen nuclei to make an alpha particle. Fusion can't occur easily on earth, but is very efficient.