Physics Final

Front 1

Why is a gamma ray photon more energetic than an x ray photon?

Back 1

It has a higher frequency

Front 2

Green light is emitted when electrons in a substance make a particular energy level transition. If blue light were instead emitted form the same substance, would it correspond to a greater or lesser change of energy in the atom?

Back 2

Greater because blue light has a higher frequency.

Front 3

If we double the frequency of light, we double the energy of each of its photons. If we instead double the wavelength of light, what happens to the photon energy?

Back 3

Doubling the wavelength of light halves its frequency. Light of half frequency has half the energy per photon

Front 4

If light were passed through a round hole instead of a thin slit in a spectroscope, how would the spectral "lines" appear?

Back 4

Reducing the slit to a pinhole would reduce the diffraction lines to points, making it harder to visually differentiate the colors. Using a larger hole would cause the lines to approach the form of images of the light source (if angularly smaller than the hole) or of the hole itself, and to lose resolution. The illustrations in the ref. will make this understandable.

Front 5

If we use a prism or a diffraction grating to compare the red light from a common neon tube and the red light from a helium neon laser, what striking difference do we see?

Back 5

The light from a common neon tube will be diffracted into several shades of red light while the light from a helium neon laser is monochromatic.

Front 6

What happens to the distance between interference fringes if the separation between two slits is increased?

Back 6

Decreases

Front 7

Double slit arrangement produces an interference fringe for yellow sodium light. To produce narrower spaced fringes, should red light or blue light be used?

Back 7

Blue

Front 8

Light illuminates two closely spaced thin slits and produces an interference pattern on a screen behind. How will the distance between the fringes of the pattern differ for red light and blue light?

Back 8

Width would be more for red light

Front 9

Why can TV channels of lower numbers give better pictures in regions of poor TV reception? (Lower channel numbers represent lower carrier frequencies.)

Back 9

Diffraction around buildings is easier for TV signal in lower numbered channels.

Front 10

Will the light from two very close stars produce an interference pattern?

Back 10

No; the light is too strong to produce a discernable interference pattern.

Front 11

In our everyday environment, diffraction is much more evident for sound waves than for light waves. Why is this so?

Back 11

Light waves have much shorter wave-length than sound waves.

Front 12

What is the evidence for the claim that iron exists in the atmosphere of the sun?

Back 12

Spectral lines from ionized iron is basic evidence for the claim that iron exists in the atmosphere of the sun

Front 13

In what specific way does light from distant stars and galaxies tell astronomers that atoms throughout the
universe have the same properties as those on Earth?

Back 13

You can see exactly thet same emission and absorption lines in stars from everywhere!!

Front 14

What difference does an astronomer see between the emission spectrum of an element in a receding star and a spectrum of the same element in the lab?

Back 14

a receding star will cause the observer to observe a redshift. all of the spectral lines will be redder. If the star is moving closer the observer will see a blue shift. the spectral lines will be bluer.

Front 15

A blue-hot star has about twice the absolute temperature of a red-hot star. But the gases in advertising signs are about the same temperature regardless of the color the light they emit. Why is this?

Back 15

The color of starlight is dependent on incandescence while the color of light from the signs is based on fluorescence.

Front 16

Which has the greatest energy- a photon of infrared light, of visible light, or a ultraviolet light?

Back 16

Ultraviolet light has a higher frequency than visible which has a higher frequency than infrared light.

Front 17

Does atomic excitation occur in solids as well as in gases? Yes or No and Why?

Back 17

YES. Atomic excitation occurs in solids, liquids, and gases. Because atoms in a solid are close packed, radiation from them (and liquids) is smeared into a broad distribution to produce a continuous spectrum, whereas radiation from widely-spaced atoms in a gas is in separate bunches that produce discrete “lines” when diffracted by a grating.

Front 18

A lamp filament is made of tungsten.?
Why do we get a continuous spectrum rather than a tungsten line spectrum when light from an incandescent lamp is viewed with a spectroscope?

Back 18

Because when tungsten atoms are close-packed in a solid, the otherwise will-defind energy levels of outer electron shells are smeared by mutual interactions among neighboring atoms.

Front 19

If atoms of a substance absorb ultraviolet light and emit red light, what becomes of the “missing" energy?

Back 19

The missing energy is light of other colors
(invisible infrared light or heat).

Front 20

When ultraviolet light falls on certain dyes, visible light is emitted. Why does this not happen when infrared light falls on these dyes?

Back 20

Ultraviolet light photons have more energy than visible light photons. A molecule can absorb a UV photon and jump multiple steps upward in energy, then come down in individual steps. Those individual steps are smaller in energy than the original UV frequency and so they might be visible.

Front 21

Phosphorescence

Back 21

A type of light emission that is the same as flurescece except for a delat between excitation and de-excitation, which provides an afterglow. The delay is caused by atoms being excited to energy states that do not decay rapidly. The afterglow may last from fractions of a second to hours or even days, depending on the type of material,"",temperature and other factors.

Front 22

Photoelectric effect

Back 22

Observation that electrons are emitted from metal surfaces as a consequence of being irradiated by light.

Front 23

When the zinc ball on the charged electroscope is illuminated with UV light, the leaves of the electroscope collapse. What was the charge of the electroscope?

Back 23

Negative.

Front 24

Which has the most energy? Photon of red, green or blue light?

Back 24

Blue

Front 25

Ground state

Back 25

Lowest energy configuration of an atom

Front 26

Excited State

Back 26

A configuration that has energy about that of the ground state

Front 27

What is emission

Back 27

When an electron falls from an excited state and a photon is emitted

Front 28

Does sound travel faster in air or in a solid?

Back 28

Solid

Front 29

Does sound travel faster in cool air or warm air?

Back 29

warm air

Front 30

What color has the highest frequency?

Back 30

violet

Front 31

What color has the longest wavelength?

Back 31

red

Front 32

Which color travels at the fastest speed?

Back 32

The all travel at the same speed

Front 33

The oscillation of air pressure will result in ____ waves

Back 33

transverse

Front 34

Refraction

Back 34

Bending of light by the effect of retardingD light's speed in a medium. It follows the principle of least time, so the direction of bending is into the slower medium.

Front 35

Why is the sky blue?

Back 35

Because air molecules more readily deflect blue light than red light.

Front 36

Does a rod/cone point awar or towards incoming light?

Back 36

Away

Front 37

A gamma ray is an electromagnetic wave with a very high _______?

Back 37

frequency

Front 38

Fizeau-Foucault method

Back 38

A way to measure the speed of light using a rotating mirror

Front 39

Different colors of light correspond to different light ____

Back 39

intensities

Front 40

Why are the primary additive colors red, green, and blue?

Back 40

Because these are the colors that the cones in your eyes are sensitive to

Front 41

Why are clouds white?

Back 41

Because they are composed of a variety of particle sizes

Front 42

How is an electromagnetic wave formed?

Back 42

When changing magnetic and electric fields regenerate themselves. MUST TRAVEL @ SPEED OF LIGHT

Front 43

Is it correct to say that in every case, without exception, any radiowave travels faster than any sound wave?

Back 43

Yes. Radiowaves are electromagnetic waves and electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light.

Front 44

Doppler Effect

Back 44

Occurs when the source of waves and the observer of waves are moving with respect to each other

Front 45

When playing a violin, the effect produced when the bow is drawn faster across the strings is___?

Back 45

Louder sound,

Front 46

Which electromagnetic wave has the long wavelength?

Back 46

Radiowaves

Front 47

Rarefaction

Back 47

low pressure air

Front 48

compression

Back 48

high pressure air

Front 49

resonance

Back 49

when frequency of forced vibrations matches the objects natural frequency, a dramatic increase in amplitude occures

Front 50

Light rays bend as they pass from air into water at a non 90 degree angle. This is refraction. Which quantity does not change when light refracts?

Back 50

Frequency of light

Front 51

What kind of corrective lenses do you need to correct NEARSIGHTEDNESS?

Back 51

Concaving/DIVERGING lens

Front 52

What kind of corrective lenses do you need to correct FARSIGHTEDNESS?

Back 52

Converging lens

Front 53

A person who sees more clearly in water than air without glasses is ____?

Back 53

Nearsighted because their eye is focusing too good. This means that their lens is not strong so it doesn't work as well.

Front 54

Dispersion

Back 54

happens when you separate light untill different frequencies/ colors. This happens in prisms because of refraction. It depends on wavelength.

Front 55

Reverberation

Back 55

Persistence of sound in a particular space after the original sound is removed

Front 56

Does the wind affect the pitch of a factory whistle you hear on a windy day?

Back 56

No. The wind does affect the speed of sound because the medium that carries the sound moves. But the wavelength of the sound changes accordingly, which results in no change to frequency or pitch.

Front 57

What is loudness?

Back 57

Amplitude (intensity)

Front 58

What is pitch?

Back 58

Frequency of vibration
Higher pitch corresponds to higher frequency

Front 59

Are white keys natural, sharp or flat?

Back 59

Natural

Front 60

The "Just Scale"

Back 60

Occurs naturally as a result of the overtones for simple systems such as vibrating string or air columns. Used often by ensembles

Front 61

Equal Tempered Scale

Back 61

Developed for keyboard instruments so they can be played equally well in any key

Front 62

Timbre

Back 62

the quality of a musical note or sound

Front 63

The pitch of a musical note corresponds to the

Back 63

Frequency

Front 64

What is a scientific idea that is so well established that it cannot be questioned ?

Back 64

Impossibility

Front 65

What is a scientific statement?

Back 65

Statement that is testable

Front 66

Unlike a transverse wave, a longitudinal wave has : a) no amplitude b)no frequency c) no wavelength d) no wavespeed e) all of these

Back 66

E) ALL OF THESE

Front 67

An antinode is a position of a) minimum amplitude b) maximum amplitude c) minimum wavelength d) negative wavelength

Back 67

A) MINIMUM APLITUDE

Front 68

Wave interference occurs for a) sound waves b) light waves c) water waves d) all e) none

Back 68

D) all of the above

Front 69

AMPLITUDE EQUATION

Back 69

1/2H

Front 70

On some days, the air nearest the ground is colder than the air that is higher up. On these days do sound waves refract upward, downward or not at all?

Back 70

Downward because sound travels slower in cold air.

Front 71

What does the A in AM radio stand for?

Back 71

Amplitude

Front 72

If a plucked guitar is touched lightly at its exact center which harmonics will you hear?

Back 72

All even because they have to have a node at the center.

Front 73

A Stradivarius violin has its unique tone because of ?

Back 73

Wood and air resonances

Front 74

A heavy person and a light person swing to and fro on swings of the same length. Who has the longer period?

Back 74

It would be the same. Mass does not matter concerning periods.

Front 75

If a pendulum is shortened, does its frequency increase or decrease? What about it's period?

Back 75

Frequency increase, period decreases because frequency and period are inverted

Front 76

A grandfather clock keeps perfect time. Then it is relocated to a summer home high in the mountains. Does it run faster, slower or the same? Explain

Back 76

Goes slower because gravity is bigger thus, the period of oscillation increases.

Front 77

If the speed of a wave doubles while the frequency remains the same. What happens to the frequency?

Back 77

Wavelength would double

Front 78

What kind of wave is an ocean wave?

Back 78

transverse

Front 79

What kind of wave is a sound wave?

Back 79

longitudinal

Front 80

What kind of wave is an x ray?

Back 80

Transverse

Front 81

What kind of motion should you impart to a stretched coiled spring (or slinky) to provide a transverse wave? To provide a longitudinal wave?

Back 81

Side to side; up and down

Front 82

What is the frequency of the second hand of the clock? The minute hand? The hour hand?

Back 82

1/60,1/3600, 1/43200

Front 83

How many nodes, not including endpoints are there in a standing wave that is two wavelengths long? Three wavelengths long?

Back 83

a) 3 b) 4

Front 84

Why would it be pointless to attempt to detect sounds from other planets, even given the very best in audio detectors?

Back 84

Sound needs a medium to travel through

Front 85

If you toss a stone in still water, concentric circles are formed. What form will waves have if a stone is tossed into smoothly flowing water?

Back 85

No change because there is no medium- determines shape

Front 86

Suppose a piano tuner hears 3 beats per second when listening to the combined sound from a tuning fork and the piano wire being tuned. After slightly tigtening the string, 5 beats per second are heard. Shoudl the string be loosened or tightened?

Back 86

Loosened because you must minimize the difference when tuning

Front 87

Will the thicker or thinner of two guitar strings of the same tension and length vibrate at the higher frequency?

Back 87

thinner

Front 88

why do the same notes on a trumpet and on a saxophone sound different when both are played with same pitch and loudness?

Back 88

different frequencies

Front 89

why do the same notes on a trumpet and on a saxophone sound different when both are played with the same pitch and loudness.

Back 89

Different frequencies

Front 90

If the fundamental frequency of a violin string is 440 Hx, what is the frewquency of the second harmonic? Of the third harmonic?

Back 90

1) 880 b) 1320

Front 91

Your friend says that microwaves and ultraviolet light have diffent wavelengths but travel through space at the same speed. Do you agree or not?

Back 91

Yes. They travel at the speed of light because they are both electromagnetic waves.

Front 92

which travels faster through a vacuum an infrared or gamma ray.

Back 92

Same.

Front 93

In which of these cases will a ripe banana appear black- when illuminated with red, yellow, green or blue light?

Back 93

Red, Blue

Front 94

Why does the blood of injured deep sea divers look greenish black in underwater photos taken with natural light, but red when flash is used?

Back 94

Water filters out sunlight and red is the first to be absorbed.

Front 95

Look at your sunburned feet when they are under water. Why don't they look as red as when they are above water?

Back 95

Water tends to absorb red light so less is reflected back to your eye.

Front 96

you are explaining to a youngster at the seashore why the water is cyan colored. The youngster points to the white caps of overtuning waves and asks why they are white. What is your answer?

Back 96

When you look at individual grains of salt and sugar, they are transparent. But together they refract (or bend) the light in such a way as to look white.

Front 97

In what specific way does light from distant stars and galaxies tell astronomers that atoms throughout the universe have the same properties as those on Earth?

Back 97

The spectra of light from distant stars and galaxies matches the spectra of elements found on Earth

Front 98

The first laser consisted of a red ruby rod activated by a photoflash tube that emitted green light. Why would a laser composed of a green crystal rod and a photoflash tube that emits red light not work?

Back 98

The photons from the photoflash tube must have at least as much energy as the photons they are intended to produce in the laser.

Front 99

How do the avalanches of photons in a laser beam differ from the hordes of photons emitted by an incandescent lamp?

Back 99

The Laser is a monochromatic, coherent (same phase), same direction,

Front 100

We know that an incandescent lamp filament at 2500 K radiates white light. Does the lamp filament also radiate energy when it is at room temperature?

Back 100

Yes. Because anything that has a temperature above zero radiates thermal radiation.

Front 101

Does a diffuse light source produce blurry or clear shadows?

Back 101

Blurry

Front 102

If you stare at a red object for a long time, and then shift your view to a white background, eye fatigue will cause you to a) get dizzy b) see spots c) see cyan d) see magenta?

Back 102

see cyan

Front 103

Does atmospheric refraction tend to make daytime longer, shorter or does it not effect the length>

Back 103

Longer

Front 104

Fiber optics efficiently transmit light signals across long distances. The physical process taht ensures that noen of the light signal is lost is called?

Back 104

Total internal reflection

Front 105

Do waves diffract the most when their wavelength is short or long>

Back 105

Long