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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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physics
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the study of energy and the effect it has on matter
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matter
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anything that has mass or volume
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concurrent forces
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two or more forces that are on the same point at the same time
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resultant force
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a single force that has the same effect as two or more concurrent forces
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volume
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measured in cubic linear material; the amount of space a material takes up
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potential energy
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energy stored in an object due to it being moved through a forcefield or elasticity
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measurement
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comparison of a physical property with a standard
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Law of the Conservation of Matter and Energy
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Matter and energy areinterchangeable; the sum total of the universe is constant
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There are three types of quantities. Name and define each.
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relative - has magnitude
scalar - has magnitude and units vector- has magnitude, units, and direction |
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friction
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force that opposes the motion of one object over another
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center of gravity
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point in an object at which all of the weight seems to be concentrated
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torque
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measure of the ability of a force to produce rotary motion
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parallel forces
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forces that act on the same object at the same time but at different points
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resolution of a force
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the act of separating a singular force into its components
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Law of Torques
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If a system is in rotational equilibrium, the counter clockwise torques equal the clockwise torques.
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kinematics
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purely descriptive study of motion
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motion
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continuous change in position of an object relative to an object considered to be at rest
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speed
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rate of motion measured in linear units per time
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displacement
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change in position of an object in a particular direction
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velocity
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rate of displacement
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acceleration
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rate at which velocity changes
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dynamics
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the study of the relationship between force and motion
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inertia
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an object's resistance to a change in motion
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newton
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a force that will accelerate 1kg one m/sec^2
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gravity
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attractive force between a celestial body and an object on or near its surface
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Law of Inertia
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An object will stay in a constant rate of motion unless it is acted upon by an unbalance force
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Law of Acceleration
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Acceleration of an object is inversely proportional of its mass, and is directly proportional to its force, and is in the direction of the unbalanced force
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Law of Interaction
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for every action there is an equal but opposite reaction
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Law of Universal Gravitation
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The force of gravity is directly proportional to the product of their masses, and is universally proportional to the distance between their centers squared.
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Uniform circular motion
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motion of an object in a closed curve at a constant speed and a constant radius
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rotary motion
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act of an object turning on an internal axis
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periodic motion
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motion of an object in a definite path at equal intervals of time
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precession
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act of an object rotation about a 3rd axis as a result of vector addition of the other two axes.
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centrifugal motion
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motion of an object directed away from the center of rotation when viewed from the frame of reference of the accelerating object
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radian
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angle at which, when its vertex is placed in the center of a circle, subtends to the circumference of that circle an arc equal in length of the radius of that circle
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rotational inertia
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mathematical expression of the distribution of mass in a rotating body
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periodic motion
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motion of an object in a definite pattern in equal intervals of time
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simple harmonic motion
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periodic motion in which the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the displacement from the equilibrium position and is directed toward the equilibrium point
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period
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time of one vibration
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work
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product of a force and the distance through which it moves
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joule
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one newton meter
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power
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time rate at which work is done
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watt
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a joule per sec
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Law of Work
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total work put into a machine is equal to the total work gotten out of the machine
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Law of Conservation of Mechanical Energy
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the sum of the potential and kinetic energies of a system is constant if there are no dissipative forces
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Law of Conservation of Linear Momentum
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Momentum of a system is constant unless acted upon by an external force
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Law of Conservation of Rotary Momentum
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momentum of a rotary system is constant unless acted upon by an external Torque
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thermal energy
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total kinetic and potential energy in a system
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heat
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thermal energy in transition
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temperature
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measure of the relative kinetic energy in a system
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calorie
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amount of heat necessary to raise the temp of 1 g of water 1Cº
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hydrogen bond
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the weak but effective attraction between the hydrogen of one molecule and the regular part of another
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mole
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amount of a substance expressed in grams that contains Avagadro's number of particles
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specific heat
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amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance 1Cº
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molar volume
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volume of one mole of any gas at STP
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Boyle's Law
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If temperature is constant, the volume of a dry gas is inversely proportional to pressure
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Charles' Law
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If pressure is constant, the volume of a dry gas is directly proportional to the temperature in Kelvin
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Avogadro's Principle
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If temperature and pressure are constant, the volume of a dry gas is directly proportional to the number of moles
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Law of Heat Exchange
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the amount of heat given by one system is equal to the amount of heat taken in by another system
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