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13 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Electrical Current

The rate of flow of charged particles

Conventional Current

A model used to describe the net movement of charge in a circuit. Conventional current travels from the positive terminal to the negative terminal.

Conservation of charge

Charge is conserved in all interactions. It cannot be created or destroyed.

Kirchoff's First Law

The sum of all the currents entering any point in an electrical circuit is always equal to the sum of currents leaving the circuit at that point, as charge is conserved.

Coulomb

1 coulomb is equal to the electric charge carried by 1 ampere (amp) of current in 1 second

Ampere

The current flowing in two parallel wires in a vacuum 1 metre apart such that there is an attractive force of 2.0x10^-7 N per metre length of wire between them.

Number Density
The number of free (or delocalised) electrons per metre cubed of a material.

Conductor

A material with a high number density of conduction electrons and therefore a very high resistance.

Insulator

A material with a low number density of conduction electrons and therefore a very high resistance
Semiconductor
A material with a lower number density of conduction electrons than a conductor and therefore a higher resistance

Mean Drift

The average velocity of electrons as they move through a wire.

Resistance

R = V / I


Where:


R = resistance (ohms)


V= pd (V)


I = current (A)

Resistivity

The resistance of a wire with a length of 1m and a cross sectional area is