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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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____ is a vector quantity defines as the product of an object's mass and velocity
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Momentum
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Momentum is represented by ___, and its unit of measurement is ___.
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P (progress). kg(m/s)
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Small objects with high velocity or large objects with small velocity can have ___.
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High momentum
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A change in momentum requires __ and __.
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Force and Time
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A net external force applied to an object for a certain time interval will cause a change in the ___ of the object equal to the product of ...
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momentum. fore and time interval
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A small force over a large time interval can produce the same change in momentum as...
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a large force over a small time interval
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Impulse is equal to..
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force times change in time
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Stopping times and distances depend on the...
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Impulse-momentum theorem
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The impulse-momentum theorem is used to determine safe __ and __ distances.
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stopping and following
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A change in momentum over a longer period of time requires...
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Less force
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The law of conservation of momentum states that the total momentum of all objects interacting with each other _____ regardless of the nature of the forces between the objects
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Remains constant
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When friction is assumed to be negligible, the total amount of momentum in a system in constant, even though...
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The momentum of individual objects in the system may vary
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Momentum is also conserved when two objects...
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Move away from each other
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Because of ____, we know the forces involved in a collision of 2 objects in isolation are equal but opposite and the forces act over the same time interval.
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Newtons Third Law
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Newtons Third Law means that the impulse of one mass is ___ to the impulse of the other mass
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Equal but opposite
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In a collision, if one object increases its momentum , the other..
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must decrease its momentum by the same amount
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In real collisions, forces are...
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not constant
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At all times, ____ are equal and opposite
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Two forces
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The ___ force should be used. It is the constant force required to cause the same change in momentum as the real changing force.
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average
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In an ____, momentum is conserved between 2 colliding objects, even though total kinetic energy is not conserved (some kinetic energy is converted to internal energy when objects deform)
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Isolated System
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What are the two extreme types of collisions?
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Elastic and perfectly inelastic
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___ occurs when 2 objects collide, stick together and move with a common velocity after colliding
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Perfectly inelastic
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___ is not constant in an inelastic collision, as some of the energy is converted to ___ as the objects deform during the collision
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Total Kinetic Energy;
Internal Energy |
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Objects in inelastic collisions are ___.
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Deformed
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Objects in elastic collisions are ___.
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Not deformed
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A ___ is one in which the total momentum and the total kinetic energy remain constant. The objects remain seperate after the collision
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Elastic Collision
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Most collisions are neither ___ nor ___.
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Elastic nor perfectly inelastic
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Even nearly perfect elastic collisions result in...
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Some decrease in kinetic energy
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Any collision that produces a sound is ____.
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Not elastic
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If the speed of a particle is doubled, by what factor is its momentum changed?
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It is doubled
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If the speed of a particle is doubled, what happens to its kinetic energy?
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It is multiplied by 4
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When a force is exerted on an object, does a large force always produce a larger change in the object's momentum than a smaller force does? Explain.
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No, because a small force exerted over a long time can produce a greater force than a large force over a short time interval
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What is the relationship between impulse and momentum?
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Impulse is the change in momentum
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A 44kg student on in-line skates is playing with a 22kg exercise ball. What happens to the ball in terms of the momentum of the student and the ball?
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The momentum between the two is zero
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A 44kg student on in-line skates is playing with a 22kg exercise ball. The student is initially at rest. The student catches the ball, which is initially moving at 4.6 m/s. Explain what happens in terms of momentum.
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Some of the momentum was transferred to the student
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A boy stands at one end of a floating raft that is stationary relative to the shore. He then walks in a straight line to the opposite end of the raft, away from the shore.
Does the raft move? Explain. What is the total momentum of the boy and raft before and after the boy walks across the raft? |
Yes, the boys momentum is transferred to the raft; Zero
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Two isolated objects have a head-on collision. If you know the change in momentum of one object, can you find the change in momentum of the other?
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yes, momentum lost by object one is gained by object two
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Two isolated objects have a head-on collision. if you know the initial and final velocity of one object and the mass of the other object, do you have enough information to find the final velocity of the second object?
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No
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Two isolated objects have a head-on collision. If you know the masses of both objects and the final velocities of both objects, do you have enough information to find the initial velocities of both objects.
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No,
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Two isolated objects have a head-on collision. if you know the masses and initial velocities of both objects and the final velocity of one object, do you have enough information to find the final velocity of the other object?
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Yes
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Two isolated objects have a head-on collision. If you know the change in momentum of one object and the initial and final velocities of the other object, do you have enough information to find the mass of either object?
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Yes
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Give two examples of elastic collisions and perfectly inelastic collisions.
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Pool balls, kicking a football...Darts, arrows
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If two automobiles collide, they usually do not stick together. Does this mean the collision is elastic?
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Yes
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A rubber ball collides elastically with the sidewalk. Does each object have the same kinetic energy after the collision as it had before the collision? Explain.
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No, each object can gain or lose Kinetic Energy
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A rubber ball collides elastically with the sidewalk. Does each object have the same momentum after the collision as it had before the collision? Explain.
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No, each object can gain or lose Momentum
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