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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mechanics
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study of motion and its causes (ex. falling objects)
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Thermodynamics
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study of heat and temperature (ex. melting and freezing)
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Vibrations and Waves
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study of specific types of REPETITIVE motions (ex. springs)
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Optics
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study of light (mirrors, lens)
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Optics
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Study of light (ex. mirrors, lenses, color)
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Electromagnetism
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Study of electricity, magnetism, and light (ex. electrical charge, circuits)
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Relativity
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Study of particles moving at any speed (ex. particle collisions, nuclear energy)
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Quantum mechanics
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Study of submicroscopic particles (ex. atom and its parts)
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Scientific method
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The procedure for good scientific investigations
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Scientific method step 1
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make observations and collect data that lead to a question
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Scientific method step 2
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Formulate and objectively test hypotheses
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Scientific method step 3
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Interpret results and revise the hypotheses if necessary
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Scientific method step 4
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State conclusions
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Model
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a replica or description designed to show the structure or workings of an object, system, or concept
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System
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a set of items or interactions considered a distinct physical entity for the purspose of study
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What do models do?
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Simply the problem to help build understanding, hypotheses, and design of experiments
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Dimension
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a description of WHAT KIND of physical quantity is represented by a measurment (ex. length, mass, time)
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Units
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a description of HOW MUCH of a physical quantity is represented by a measurment (ex. meters, kilograms, seconds)
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What is SI?
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its the standard measurement system, "Systeme International"
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How many base units in SI?
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Seven - first three are length, mass, time
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What are Derived units?
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Measurements that COMBINE the base units (ex. speed is m/s and Newton is kg x m/s2)
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atto-
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10 to the minus 18 (symbol a)
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femto-
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10 to the minus 15 (symbol f)
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pico-
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10 to the minus 12 (symbol p)
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nano-
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10 to the minus 9 (symbol n)
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micro-
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10 to the minus 6 (symbol greek mu)
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milli-
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10 to the minus 3 (symbol m)
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centi-
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10 to the minus 2 (symbol c)
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deci-
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10 to the minus 1 (symbol d)
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deka-
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10 to the plus 1 (symbol da)
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kilo-
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10 to the plus 3 (symbol k)
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mega-
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10 to the plus 6 (symbol M)
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giga-
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10 to the plus 9 (symbol G)
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tera-
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10 to the plus 12 (symbol T)
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peta-
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10 to the plus 15 (symbol P)
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exa-
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10 to the plus 18 (symbol E)
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accuracy
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describes how close a measured value is to the TRUE value of the quantity
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precision
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refers to the degree of exactness with which a measurement is made and stated
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What are the two problems that limit accuracy?
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Method error (different methods are used) and instrument error (instrument is not in good working order)
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What are significant figures?
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those digits in a measurement that are known with certainty plus the first digit that is uncertain
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Sig. Figures rules for zeros
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Significant if (1) between nonzero # (2) at end of #; not Sig. if (1) zero in front of # (2)zeros at end of # and left of decimal
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Rules for calculating Sig. Figures
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add/subtract (same as smallest # to right of decimal); multiply/divide (same as smallest # oof sig. figures)
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Rounding Rules
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Down if (below 5 or 5 with zeros after); Up if (above 5 or 5 with nonzeros)
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Greek letter for "difference or change in"
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delta (the triangle)
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Greek letter for "sum or total"
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Sigma (the funny E)
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Dimensional Analysis
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dimensions can be treated as algebraic quantities (add, subtract, divide (cancel), multiply (gives exponents)
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