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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Electrons and Bonding |
electrons bond to create molecules and make themselves more stable. They use their valence electrons to do this. |
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Lewis Structures |
Lewis Structures are visual models of elements that show their chemical symbol and number of valence electrons. |
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The Octet Rule |
states that atoms bond with eachother to get a full set of 8 valence electrons and ensure their stability. Hydrogen and helium don't fall under this rule because they only need two. |
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Ionic Bonds |
Bonds between ions with opposing charges. |
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Covalent Bonds |
Bonds between atoms that are sharing electrons. |
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Chemical Formulas |
Chemical formulas contain the chemical symbol of the elements and the number of atoms in a molecule of each substance in the formula. |
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Bonds Between Water Molecules |
They are polar molecules. They have one partially positive side (the hydrogen side) and one partially negative side (the oxygen side.) Water molecules bond together and line up like magnets because each side is attracted to another molecule with an opposing charge. They are called hydrogen bonds. |
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Properties of Water |
1. expands as a solid 2. has a high specific heat 3. acts as a solvent |
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Water as a Solvent |
Water dissolves many ionic compounds. |
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Water Surface Tension |
Small objects like insects, leaves, and twigs can float on water because of the surface tension. Water's molecules are pulled tightly together instead of being pulled in just one direction because of their charges and attractions. |
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Properties of Acids |
Corrosive, sour tasting, forms hydrogen gas when in contact with metal, increases hydrogen ion concentration in water, and forms salt and water when added to a base. |
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Properties of Bases |
When added to an acid forms salt and water, feels slippery when touched, tastes bitter, and increases hydroxide ion concentration in water. |
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pH Indicators. |
pH indicators typically use colors to determine whether or not a substance is acidic, neutral, or acts as a base. |
