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166 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A(n) __________ is NOT homogeneous.
a. Suspension b. Element c. compound d. Solution |
A. Suspension
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The Scattering of light by colloids is called ________.
a. The Tyndall Effect b. Conservation c. Air Pollution d. Suspension |
A. The Tyndall Effect
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Smoke is an example of ________.
a. substance b. solution c. colloid d. suspension |
C. Colloid
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True or False
Substances are either elements or MIXTURES. |
False- Substances are either elements or compounds.
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True or False
Homogeneous mixtures CAN be seperated by physical changes. |
True.
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Mixture of different and easily distingushable materials.
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Heterogeneous Mixture
ex. Lucky Charms Cereal |
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Characteristics of a material which can be observed without changing the identity of the substances in the material; examples include color, shape, size, melting point and boiling point.
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Physical Property
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A substance in which all atoms are alike
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Element
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True or False
When a firecracker explodes, mass is LOST. |
False. The mass stays the same.
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True or False
A suspension is a HOMOGENEOUS mixture. |
False. Suspensions are hetergeneous mixtures because it contains a liquid in which visible particles settle.
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Heterogeneous mixture with larger particles that never settle; scatter light in the Tyndall effect
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Colloids
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Change in a substances size, shape or state of matter; the substance does not change identity
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Physical Change
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______ is another name for a homogeneous mixture.
a. suspension b. substance c. solution d. liquid |
C. Solution
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When gasoline is burned in an engine, ________.
a. gasoline evaporates b. new substances are formed c. mass is lost d. mass is gained |
B. New substances are formed
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Homogenous mixture of particles so small they cannot be seen and will never settle to the bottom of thier container.
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Solution
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The scattering of light by collodial particals
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The Tyndall effect
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Any material made of two or more substances that can be physically seperated.
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Mixture
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All substances are built from ______.
a. elements b. atoms c. metal d. salt |
B. Atoms
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chalk, water, and salt are all ________(s).
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Compunds
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Copper, Gold, and Lead are all ________.
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Elements
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A pond, and a river delta are examples of ___________.
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Suspensions
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Granite, and Permanent press fabric, and milk are ________.
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Heterogeneous Mixtures
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vinegar, soft drinks, and tap water are __________.
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Homogeneous Mixtures
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Paint, fog, and jello are __________.
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Colloids
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Name some physical properties
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color, shape, size, texture, taste, melting point, and boiling point
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A Burnt objuct has undergone a ___________ change.
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Chemical
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Mass of all Substances present before a chemical change equals the mass of all substances after the change.
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Law of Conservation of Mass
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Three examples of physical changes are __________.
a. freezing of water, evaporation of gasoline, and rusting of a nail b. boiling of water, bursting of a balloon, and melting of a candle c. sawing of wood, crushing of a can, and toasting a marshmallow d. burning of gas, rotting of an egg, and exploding of fireworks |
B. boiling of water, bursting of a balloon, and melting of a candle.
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Matter is classified as _______ and mixtures.
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Substances
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True or False
In calculations using Charles' Law, temperature is expresses on the CELSIUS SCALE. |
False. The Kelvin Scale is used to calculate Charles' Law.
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True or False
Most solids have a regular arrangement of molecules that form CRYSTALS. |
True
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True or False
TEMPERATURE is the total amount of kinetic energy in all the atoms and molecules of a substance. |
False. Thermal Energy
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"Absolute Zero" is equal to _____.
a. 0 K b. 0 Celcius c. 0 Faherenheit d. 0 degrees K |
A. 0 K. The Kelvin Scale is not expressed in degrees.
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3 States of Matter
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Solids, Liquids, Gases
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1. All matter is composed of small particles
2. Particles are in constant random motion 3. Particles collide with each other and walls of their containers |
Kinetic Theory
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Lack the tightly ordered structure found in crystals. Do not have definite temperature at which they change from solid to liquid. Ex.- Glass, Plastic
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Amorphous Solids
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Ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in it.
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Buoyancy
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An object will _______ if its weight is less than the buoyant force acting on it from the fluid.
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Float
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An object in a fluid will ______ if its weight is more than the buoyant force acting on it from the fluid.
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Sink
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Buoyant force on an object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.
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Archimede's Principle
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Force exerted per unit area. Measure in a unit called a pascal.
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Pressure
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Pressure applied to a fluid is transmitted throughout the fluid.
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Pascal's Principle
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As the velocity of a fluid increases, the pressure exerted by the fluid decreases. Principle airplanes use to fly.
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Bernoulli's Principle
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A liquid's resistance to flow.
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Viscosity
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1. Volume decreases pressure increases.
2.Pressure decreases as volume increases. Principle used to breathe. |
Boyle's Law
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1. At a constant pressure, volume increases as temperature increases.
2. At a constant pressure, volume decreases as temperature decreases. |
Charles's Law
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True or False
A fluid can be a liquid or a SOLID. |
False. Both liquids and gases are fluids.
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Which of the following is a compressible fluid?
a. water b. hydraulic fluid c. motor oil d. air |
D. Air
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Which device would be most likely to use a bimetallic strip?
a. bridge expansion joint b. thermostat c. spring scale d. frying pan |
B. Thermostat
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The most common state of matter in the universe is ________.
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Plasma
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Decreasing _________ lowers the boiling point of a liquid.
a. temperature b. the amount of liquid c. pressure d. volume |
C. Pressure
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Pressure in the metric system is measured in ________.
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Kilopascals
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The force that increases as the pressure above a wing decreases is _______.
a. lift b. gravity c. drag d. propulsion |
A. Lift
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According to __________, the volume of a gas increases with increasing temperature, as long as pressure does not change.
a. Bernoulli's Principle b. Boyle's Law c. Charles's Law d. Archimede's Principle |
C. Charles' Law
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According to _________, the buoyant force on an object in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.
a. Bernoulli's Principle b. Boyle's Law c. Charles's Law d. Archimede's Principle |
D. Archimede's Principle
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Give the mumber of significant digits in: 2.030 mL
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4 significant digits
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Smallest piece of matter that still has the properties of the element.
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Atoms
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Have electrical charge of 1+.
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Protons
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Do not have an electrical charge; located in nucleus
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Neutrons
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Protons and Neutrons make up smaller particles called ________.
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Quarks. There are six known quarks; the sixth is called the top quark.
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What is the current atomic model and what does it show?
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Electron Cloud Model shows electrons traveling in specific energy levels around a nucleus of protons and neutrons.
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Composed mostly of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
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Atomic Mass
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The number of protons in an atom.
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Atomic Number
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Sum of the mumber of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
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Mass number
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Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
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Isotopes
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You can figure out the number of ____ in an isotope by:
mass number - atomic number. |
Neutrons
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vertical columns in the periodic table
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Groups. Elements in the same group have the same # of electrons in their outer energy level.
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Horizontal rows of elements that contain increasing numbers of protons and neutrons.
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Periods
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Three classifications of elements
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Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
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Developed an early periodic chart
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Dmitri Mendeleev
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Represents the electrons in the outer energy level of an element.
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Electron Dot Diagram
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Weighted average mass of the mixture of its isotopes.
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Average Atomic Mass
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Iron, sodium, Lithium, Cadmium, Gold, zinc; located on left side of periodic table
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Metals
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Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon, Radon
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Noble Gases
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Silicon, Boron, Antimony, Arsenic; have properties of both metals and non metals
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Metalloids
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Represents the name of an element
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Chemical symbol
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S-orbitals can hold a maximum of ___________ electrons.
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2
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P- orbitals can hold a maximum of ____ electrons.
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6
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Full energy level is called a ________.
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Stable Octate
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How many electrons can the second energy level of the electron cloud hold TOTAL?
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8. There is one p-orbital and 1 s-orbital in each energy level beyond the first.
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The original periodic table was based on __________ instead of atomic number.
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Atomic Mass
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How many neutrons will almost all Hydrogen atoms have?
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ZERO
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Force that causes protons and neutrons to be attracted to each other in the nucleus.
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Strong Force. BUT the strong force is powerful when the neutrons and protons are close together.
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Nuclear Decay which happens when the strong force is not large enough to hold the nucleus together and the nucleus gives off matter and energy.
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Radioactivity
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Particles and energy are released from a decaying nucleus
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Nuclear Radiation
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Two protons and two neutrons with a charge of +2. Leave charged ions in their path when they travel through matter.
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Alpha Particle. ** also least penetrating form of radiation
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Neutron decays into a proton and releases an electron at high speed; more penetrating
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Beta particles
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Penetrating electromagnetic waves that carry energy, but have no mass or charge
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Gamma Rays
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process of one element's changing to another through nuclear decay
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Radioactive Decay
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Detects alpha or beta particles by a means of a trail of condensed vapor.
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Cloud Chamber
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Detects radioactive particles by means of a bubble trail in a superheated liquid.
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Bubble Chamber
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Can measure charged particles in the air
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Electorscope
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Measures Radioactivity by producing an electric current when radiation is present
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Geiger Counter
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Where does background radiation come from?
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radon gas produced in the Earth's crust from cosmic rays, and from radioactive isotopes in the body.
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Process of splitting a nucleus into two nuclei with smaller masses; a large amount of energy is released
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Nuclear Fission
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An ongoing series of fission reactions is a ____________.
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Chain Reaction
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Amount of fissionable material required to continue a reaction at a constant rate.
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Critical Mass
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Two nuclei with low masses are combined to form one nucleus of larger mass
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Nuclear Fusion
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In a cloud chamber, these particles leave long, thin trails.
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Beta Particles
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AMount of time it takes for half the nuclei in a radioactive sample to decay.
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Half-life
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Process of changing one element to another through nuclear decay.
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Transmutations
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A radioisotope used to find or track molecules in an organism.
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Tracer
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True or False
Beta particles can be stopped with CLOTHING. |
False- Aluminum foil
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True or False
Nuclear reactors such as the one at Chernobyl use nuclear FISSION to produce the energy used to make the steam that turns a generating turbine. |
True
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People are afraid of nuclear energy and radioactivity because it is _________.
a. invisible b. smelly c. scary d. impossible to understand |
A. invisible
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What is the most penetrating form of radiation?
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Gamma Rays
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Radon gas can get into a home through _________.
a. cracks in the foundation b. sump pump c. below-ground level window openings d. all of the above |
D. All of the Above
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The type of radioactive particle that can be stopped by a sheet of paper is the _______.
a. Alpha particle b. Beta Particle c. gamma ray d. uranium |
A. Alpha Particle
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Radon's greatest health impact is on the ____________.
a. heart b. brain c. stomach d. lungs |
D. Lungs
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The three types of nuclear radiation in increasing order of penetrating power are __________.
a. alpha, beta, gamma b. alpha, gamma, beta c. X-ray, beta, gamma d. X-ray, gamma, beta |
A. Alpha, Beta, Gamma
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The Chernobyl nuclear accident occurred in ___________.
a. 1886 b. 1986 c. 1996 d. 2006 |
B. 1986
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Which of the follwing elements is likely to be produced during a nuclear fusion reaction in the Su?
a. helium-4 b. hydrogen-1 c. uranium-235 d. uranium-238 |
A. Helium-4
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What is the range of numbers of naturally occuring elements whose isotopes are all radioactive?
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83-92
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Element whose radioactive isotope is used to treat thyroid cancer.
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Iodine
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What is the range of atomic number of elements that don't exist naturally on Earth?
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93 and above
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What is the charge of a Beta particle?
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-1
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Positively charged metallic ions are surrounded by a cloud of electrons; ions are in sliding layers and electrons are weakly held; readily form ionic bonds with nonmetals
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Metallic bonding
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Combine with nonmetals by losing electrons
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Ionic Bonding
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property of metals meaning can be drawn into wires
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Ductile
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Property of metals that means it can be hammered or rolled into sheets.
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Malleable
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Property of metals meaning it can reflect light well.
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Luster
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Group one in the periodic table; metals that are softer and more reactive than other metals.
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The Alkali metals
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Group 2 in the periodic table; not found naturally in elemental form; 2 electrons in outer energy level
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The Alkaline Earth Metals
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Often occur in nature as uncombined elements; typically form colored compounds;
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Transition Elements
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Name of the group containing iron, cobalt and steel.
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iron Triad
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form when nonmetals gain electrons from metals and become negative ions
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ionic compounds
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Form when nonmetals share electrons with other nonmetals
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Covalent Compounds
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Most common element in the universe
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Hydrogen
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Two atoms of the same element in a covalent bond.
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Diatomic molecule
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What forms when a halogen gains one electron from a metal?
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Salt
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Group 17 that include bromide, iodine, fluorine, chlorine and astatine
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The Halogens
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A solid changes directly into a gas without first becoming a liquid.
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Sublimation
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Form ionic and covalent bonds; have some metallic and some nonmetallic properties; partial conduction gives them semiconductor characteristics
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Metalloids
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Group 13; 3 electrons in outer most energy level
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The Boron Group
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Group 14; 4 electrons in outermost energy level
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The Carbon Group
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Group 15; 5 electrons in outermost energy level
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The Nitrogen Group
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Group 16; 6 electrons in the outermost energy level
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The Oxygen Group
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Elements created by scientists; disintegrate quickly
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Synthetic Elements
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The transition elements are in Groups ______________.
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3-12
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Different forms of the same element, but with different molecular structures.
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Allotropes
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Elements that have more than 92 protons, the atomic number of uranium, are called ___________ elements.
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Transuranium
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Elements with atomic numbers from 58 through 71 are part of the ___________ series.
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Lanthanides
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Graphite is an allotrope of carbon that is soft and can be used as a lubricant because its atoms are only connected in ___________ dimension(s).
a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 |
b. 2
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Why are the noble gases so stable?
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They have 8 electron in their outer energy level which is a stable octate.
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Another name for a negative ion is an __________.
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Anion
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Radioactive elements comprise a majority of the _______.
a. actinides b. halogens c. lanthanides d. noble gases |
A. Actinides
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Composed of symbols and subscripts indicating the number of atoms of an element in a compound
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Chemical Formula
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Force that holds atoms together in a compound
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Chemical bond
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Charged particle because it has fewer electrons than protons
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Ion
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When an atom _________ an electron it becomes a positively charged ion
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Loses
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When an atoms _____________ an electron it becomes a negatively charged ion.
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Gains
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The force of attraction between opposite charges of ions.
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Ionic Bond
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a compound that is the result of an ionic bond
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Neutral Compound
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Neutral particles formed as a result of sharing electrons.
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Molecule
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Force of attraction between atoms sharing electrons.
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Covalent bonds
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Molecule that has one end that is slightly negative and one end that is slightly positive although overall molecule is neutral.
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Polar Molecule
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Molecules in which electrons are shared equally
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Nonpolar molecules
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Compound composed of two elements
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Binary Compound
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Number of electrons an atom has gained, lost or shared to become stable
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Oxidation Number
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Positively or negatively charged covalently bonded group of atoms; contains two or more elements
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Polyatomic Ion
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Compound with water chemically attached to its ions
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Hydrate
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Na and Cl are chemical __________.
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Symbols
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What do subscript numbers tell in chemical equations?
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The number of atoms of that element
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True or False
The two nitrogen atoms of nitrogen gas share three pairs of electrons forming a COVALENT triple bond. |
True
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True or False
Particles formed from the covalent bonding of atoms are called IONS. |
False. Molecules are formed from the covalent bonding of atoms.
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True or False
All the noble gases have an oxidation number of 0. |
True
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