Physical Science--Chapters 19, 20, 21

Front 1

What is a compound?

Back 1

Matter containing 2 or more atoms in a fixed, definite proportion. New compounds form when the relative proportions of atoms change

Front 2

What is an element?

Back 2

Matter that contains 1 kind of atom.

Front 3

What is a pure substance?

Back 3

Defined, unchanging chemical composition.

Front 4

what is a mixture?

Back 4

multiple substances. Many can be physically separated into pure components.

Front 5

What is a solution?

Back 5

Mixture w/ 2 or more compounds, at least 1 liquid.

Front 6

What's an alloy?

Back 6

A solid solution of metals. They dissolve in each other then solidify. Higher hardness.

Front 7

What is atomic matter?

Back 7

Exists in solid, liquid, and gaseous states as single atoms.
Example: noble gases. Low melting/boiling points

Front 8

What are molecular substances?

Back 8

Exists as molecules in solid, liquid, and gaseous states. Example: water exists as discrete molecules in the 3 physical states.

Front 9

What are network/ extended-bonding substances?

Back 9

Every atom/ion interacts strongly w/ neighbors. Extended network of linked atoms/ions form. Distinct moleculs/ion pairs do not exist in these materials. Examples: Aluminum, magnesium, table salt. High melting/boiling points

Front 10

chemical bonding

Back 10

attractive force between nuclei and electrons, hold atoms together in molecules or atoms and ions together in network substances

Front 11

Chemical formulas

Back 11

Represents kind of atom and its number in a molecule. Chemical formula of a water molecule that contains 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom is given by H2O. Subscript to the right of the atomic symbol indicates the number of that kind of atom in the molecule.

Front 12

Diatomic molecule

Back 12

1 atoms of the same kind of element are contained. Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, and Iodine

Front 13

Double bond

Back 13

Atoms connected by 2 bonds; usually involve 4 electrons, 2 per bond

Front 14

Triple bond

Back 14

Atoms connected by 3 bonds; example: acetylene

Front 15

Hydrocarbon molecules

Back 15

contain only carbon/hydrogen atoms

Front 16

Organic acid

Back 16

Molecule w/ CO2H attached to another carbon atom

Front 17

Amine group

Back 17

group of NH2 attached to carbon atom

Front 18

Crystals

Back 18

solid w/ regular repeating arrangement of molecules/ions

Front 19

Spectroscopy

Back 19

studies brightness/wavelengths of diff frequencies of light emitted by excited atoms/ ions