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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What holds a compound together?
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chemical bonds
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How can the structure of chemical compounds be shown?
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various models ( think the ball and stick model )
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What determines the properties of a compound?
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the chemical structure
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What is a chemical bond?
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the attractive force that holds atoms or ions together
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What is a chemical structure?
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the arrangement of atoms in a substance
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What is bond length?
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the distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms
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What is bond angle?
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the angle between two bonds of the same atom
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Why do atoms form bonds?
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so that each atom is stable
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How do ionic bonds form?
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from attractions from oppositely charged ions
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What do atoms joined by covalent bonds share?
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electrons!
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What gives metals their distinctive properties?
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their atoms and electrons can move freely
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How are polyatomic ions similar to other ions?
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they both act as a single unit in a compound
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What is an ionic bond?
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the attractive force between oppositely charged ions; electrons can be transferred from them
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What is a covalent bond?
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a bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons
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What is a metallic bond?
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formed between positively charged metal ions and the electrons around them
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What is a polyatomic ion?
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an ion made of two or more atoms
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When do chemical reactions take place?
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when substances go though chemical changes to form new substances
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What is the role of energy in chemical reactions?
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combines substances
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What is a reactant?
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a substance/molecule that participates in a chemical reaction
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What is a product?
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a substance that forms in a chemical reaction
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What is chemical energy?
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the energy released when a chemical reaction takes place
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What is an exothermic reaction?
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a chemical reaction where energy is released
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What is an endothermic reaction?
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a reaction that requires energy input
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What is a chemical equation?
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uses symbols to represent a chemical reaction - like a sentence
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What can a balanced chemical equation tell you?
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the mole ratio
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What is a mole ratio?
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proportion of reactants and products
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In which kinds of chemical reactions do the numbers of electrons in atoms change?
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free-radical and redox reactions
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What is a synthesis reaction?
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A+B=AB
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What is a decomposition reaction?
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AB=A+B
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What is a combustion reaction?
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oxygen goes to carbon dioxide and water
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What is a single-displacement reaction?
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AX+B=BX+A
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What is a double-displacement reaction?
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AX+BY=AY+BX
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What is a free radical?
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an atom/group of atoms that has one unpaired electron
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What is a redox reaction?
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a reaction where one substance loses electrons and anther gains electrons
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What kinds of things speed up a reaction?
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temperature, surface area, concentration, pressure, and size of molecules
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What does a catalyst do?
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speeds up or slows down a reaction
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What happens when a reaction goes backward as well as forward?
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the result gives you and equilibrium system
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What is an enzyme?
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a molecule that is either RNA or protein that acts as a catalyst in reactions
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What is a substrate?
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the reactant in reactions catalyzed by enzymes
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What is an inhibitor?
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basically catalysts but only can slow down a reaction
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What is an equilibrium?
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a balance that is reached by two opposing processes
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What is a chemical equilibrium?
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a state where a reversible chemical reaction is happening in both directions equally
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What is Le Chatelier's principle?
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the general rule that describes how equilibrium systems respond to change
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What is a structural formula?
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shows the structures of compounds
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What is a space-filling model?
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shows the space that two atoms take up/fill
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What is significant about a hydrogen bond?
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the attractions between the molecules are not as strong as the attractions between the atoms
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What is a non polar covalent bond?
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when electrons are shared equally
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What is a polar covalent bond?
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when electrons are not shared equally
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What does organic mean?
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describes a type of compound that contains carbon
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What are alkanes?
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hydrocarbons that have only single covalent bonds
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In order to break bonds, what must be added? What about to form bonds?
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add energy to break, release it to form
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What is a coefficient?
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the little number at the bottom of an element in a chemical formula
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What is a polymer?
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a chain of small molecules joined together to make bigger ones
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What is used to describe any reaction where an atom loses electrons?
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oxidation
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