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25 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
The breaking down and changing of rocks at or near the Earth's surface is called

mass movement.

sheet erosion.

weathering.

uplift.

none of these.
weathering
Which of the following is NOT a cause of mechanical weathering?

dissolving.

frost wedging.

unloading.

burrowing.
Dissolving
In which type of climate does chemical weathering occur most rapidly?

cold, dry

cold, wet

warm, dry

warm, wet
Warm Wet
A soil's texture is determined by its

water content

mineral composition

thickness

particle sizes
Particle Sizes
Organic material in soil is also referred to as

humus

regolith

talus

loam
Humus
Which of the following does NOT usually trigger mass movements?

growth of native vegetation on slopes.

formation of over steepened slopes.

saturation of surface materials with water.

vibration of the ground during an earthquake.
Growth of native vegetation on slopes
The energy for the water cycle comes from the

ocean

sun

atmosphere

soil
Sun
How does water move from the plants to the atmosphere?

infiltration

precipitation

transpiration

condensation
Transpiration
By what process do streams and rivers move materials?

weathering

infiltration

mass wasting

erosion
Erosion
When do streams and rivers deposit sediment?

when their velocity decreases

when they are in the midst of flooding

when their velocity increases

when they plunge over waterfalls
When their velocity decreases
The eroded material carried by water or wind are called

stalactites

desert pavement

sediment

moraines
Sediment
The mass of rock and soil deposited directly by a glacier is called

load

till

loess

erosion
Till
Most chemical weathering is caused by

acid rain

water

oxygen

carbon dioxide
Water
The maximum slope or steepness at which loose material remains stable is referred to as the

angle of repose

angle of reflection

normal angle

critical angle
Angle of repose
The Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest was used to study

landslides in the forest

soil forming factors

water and nutrient cycling

frost wedging in the forest
Water and Nutrient Cycle
In the weathering process of pressure-release fracturing

salts crystallize in cracks enlarging fractures.

bedrock minerals decompose to clay.

bedrock expands and fractures when the overlying rock erodes away.

bedrock dissolves and ground water carries the dissolved ions away.
bedrock expands and fractures when the overlying rock erodes away
Granite commonly fractures by

salt cracking

chemical weathering

exfoliation

none of the above
Exfoliation
A mixture of sand, clay, silt, and generous amounts of organic matter is called

soil

loam

regolith

humas

litter
Loam
The landslide that occurred in Madison River, Montana is an example of a:

slump

rockslide, or rock avalanche

slip

fall

none of these
Rockslide or rock avalanche
The hydrologic (water) cycle

describes the circulation of water in streams, lakes and wetlands.

describes a primary mechanism of the movement of energy as well as the movement of water from one part of the globe to another.

describes a primary mechanism of the movement of energy from one part of the globe to another.

describes the movement of water from the atmosphere to the hydrosphere.
describes a primary mechanism of the movement of energy as well as the movement of water from one part of the globe to another.
Stream gradient, discharge, and ______ determine the velocity of a stream.

age

color

channel shape

salinity
Channel Shape
A stream's discharge is

greatest during a time of flood.

greatest before a flood.

minimal during a flood.

constant regardless of water level.
Greatest during a time of a flood
A stream's competence is

greatest in a slow flowing stream.

greatest in a fast flowing stream.

minimal during a flood.

constant regardless of water level.
Greatest in a fast flowing stream
Boulders, cobbles, and sand are carried by a stream as

abrasion load

suspended load

bed load

dissolved load

saltation factor
Bed Load
The water on the outside of a stream curve moves

slower than the water on the inside

the same speed as the water on the inside

faster than the water on the inside

mostly vertically in a process called upwelling
Faster than the water on the inside