Physical Geology Lab Mineral And Rock Cards

Front 1

Quartz,Var. smokey and clear

Back 1

#1 Type: Mineral
Chem Formula:
Crystal Form: Hexagonal
Luster: Non-Metallic Vitreous
Color: Typically colorless or white, but almost any color may ocurr.
Hardness: 7.0
Cleavage: None, Conchodial Fracture
Streak: White, but difficult to obtain streak
Habitat: Prismatic crystals common with striations perpendicular to the long
dimension; Also a variety of massive forms
Varieties called Smokey Quartz, Rose Quartz,
Milky Quartz, Amethysts.
Common in all catagories of rock.

Front 2

Quartz,Var. smokey crystal

Back 2

#1 Type: Mineral
Chem Formula:
Crystal Form: Hexagonal
Luster: Non-Metallic Vitreous
Color: Typically colorless or white, but almost any color may ocurr.
Hardness: 7.0
Cleavage: None, Conchodial Fracture
Streak: White, but difficult to obtain streak
Habitat: Prismatic crystals common with striations perpendicular to the long
dimension; Also a variety of massive forms
Varieties called Smokey Quartz, Rose Quartz,
Milky Quartz, Amethysts.
Common in all catagories of rock.

Front 3

Quartz,Var.Crystal

Back 3

#1 Type: Mineral
Chem Formula:
Crystal Form: Hexagonal
Luster: Non-Metallic Vitreous
Color: Typically colorless or white, but almost any color may ocurr.
Hardness: 7.0
Cleavage: None, Conchodial Fracture
Streak: White, but difficult to obtain streak
Habitat: Prismatic crystals common with striations perpendicular to the long
dimension; Also a variety of massive forms
Varieties called Smokey Quartz, Rose Quartz,
Milky Quartz, Amethysts.
Common in all catagories of rock.

Front 4

Quartz,Var. Rose

Back 4

#1 Type: Mineral
Chem Formula:
Crystal Form: Hexagonal
Luster: Non-Metallic Vitreous
Color: Typically colorless or white, but almost any color may ocurr.
Hardness: 7.0
Cleavage: None, Conchodial Fracture
Streak: White, but difficult to obtain streak
Habitat: Prismatic crystals common with striations perpendicular to the long
dimension; Also a variety of massive forms
Varieties called Smokey Quartz, Rose Quartz,
Milky Quartz, Amethysts.
Common in all catagories of rock.

Front 5

Quartz,Var. Amethyst

Back 5

#1 Type: Mineral
Chem Formula:
Crystal Form: Hexagonal
Luster: Non-Metallic Vitreous
Color: Typically colorless or white, but almost any color may ocurr.
Hardness: 7.0
Cleavage: None, Conchodial Fracture
Streak: White, but difficult to obtain streak
Habitat: Prismatic crystals common with striations perpendicular to the long
dimension; Also a variety of massive forms
Varieties called Smokey Quartz, Rose Quartz,
Milky Quartz, Amethysts.
Common in all catagories of rock.

Front 6

Feldspar Var. K-Spar(orthoclase)

Back 6

#6 Mineral: Potassium Feldspar
Chem Formula:
Crystal Form: Monoclinic
Luster: non-metallic, vitreous
Color: Varies white, cream, or pink
Hardness: 6.0
Cleavage: two planes nearly at right angles
Streak: white
Habitat: crystals not common. Has glossy appearence,
adsence of twinning striations,
Varieties: White, green, pink.
Common in: in all rock catagories

Front 7

Feldspar Var. K-Spar(orthoclase)

Back 7

#7 Mineral: Potassium Feldspar
Chem Formula:
Crystal Form: Monoclinic
Luster: non-metallic, vitreous
Color: Varies white, cream, or pink
Hardness: 6.0
Cleavage: two planes nearly at right angles
Streak: white
Habitat: crystals not common. Has glossy appearence,
adsence of twinning striations,
Varieties: White, green, pink.
Common in: in all rock catagories

Front 8

Feldspar Var. Na Plagioclase
(Albite)

Back 8

#8 Mineral: Sodium Feldspar
Chem Formula:
Crystal Form: Triclinic
Luster: non-metallic, vitreous
Color: White or gray, reddish, or reddish brown
Hardness: 6.0 - 6.5
Cleavage: two planes nearly at right angles
Streak: white
Habitat: crystals not common. Has glossy appearence,
twinning striationson basal cleavage,
Varieties: White, green, pink.
Common in: intermediates

Front 9

Feldspar Var. Ca Plagioclase
(labradorite)

Back 9

#9 Mineral: Sodium Feldspar
Chem Formula:
Crystal Form: Triclinic
Luster: non-metallic, vitreous
Color: White or gray, reddish, or reddish brown
Hardness: 6.0 - 6.5
Cleavage: two planes nearly at right angles
Streak: white
Habitat: crystals not common. Has glossy appearence,
twinning striationson basal cleavage.
Varieties: White, green, pink.
Common in: intermediates

Front 10

Muscovite

Back 10

# 10 Mineral: Muscovite
Chem Formula:
Crystal Form: Monoclinic
Luster: non-metallic, vitreous to silky or pearly
Color: Colorless to shades of green grey, or brown
Hardness: 2.5 - 3.5
Cleavage: perfect basal
Streak: white
Habitat: Usually in small flakes or lamellar masses
Common in: Granite Pegmatites

Front 11

Biotite

Back 11

# 11 Mineral: Biotite
Chem Formula:
Crystal Form: Monoclinic
Luster: non-metallic, vitreous or pearly
Color: Dark green, brown or black
Hardness: 2.5 - 3.0
Cleavage: perfect basal
Streak: white to grey
Habitat: Crystals common as pseudohexagonal
prisms more common in sheet or granular
crystalline masses
Common in: Common acessory mineral in igneous
rocks, also important in some metamorphic rocks.

Front 12

Amphibole Var. hornblende

Back 12

# 12 Mineral: Amphibole Var. hornblende
Chem Formula:
Crystal Form: Monoclinic
Luster: non-metallic, vitreous
Color: Dark green, dark brown or black
Hardness: 5.0 to 6.0
Cleavage: perfect on two planes intersecting
at 56 and 124 degrees
Streak: grey to pale green
Habitat: Long six sided crystals usually darker than
other members of the amphibole group
Common in: intermediates

Front 13

Pyroxene Var. Augite

Back 13

# 13 Mineral: Pyroxene Var. Augite
Chem Formula:
Crystal Form: Monoclinic
Luster: non-metallic, vitreous
Color: Dark green to black
Hardness: 5.5 to 6.0
Cleavage: two planes at nearly 90
at 56 and 124 degrees
Streak: white to gray
Habitat: short, stubby eight-sided prismatic crystals
often in granular crystalline masses
Common in: Most important ferromagnesium mineral
in dark igneuos rock

Front 14

Pyroxene Var. Enstatite

Back 14

# 14 Mineral: Pyroxene Var. Enstatite
Chem Formula: MgSiO3
Crystal Form: orthorhombic system (three unequal axes at right angles to each other).
Luster: non-metallic, vitreous
Color: colorless, greenish, or yellowish
Hardness: 5.5
Cleavage: two planes at nearly 90 at 56 and 124 degrees
Streak:
Habitat:
Common in: important rock-forming mineral of magnesium-rich magmatic rocks. It alters to serpentine and talc upon the action of hydrothermal solutions

Front 15

Olivine

Back 15

# 15 Mineral: olivine
Chem Formula:
Crystal Form: orthorhombic
Luster: non-metallic, vitreous
Color: usually olive-green, but white or yellowish in forsterite,
brown or black in fayalite; colourless
Hardness: 6–7
Cleavage: poor conchodial fracture
Streak: colourless
Habitat: short, occurs in silica-poor, igneous rocks (e.g. basalt, gabbro, troctolite,and peridotite), extensively with pyroxene in dunites, and in stony meteorites and lunar basalts;

Front 16

Kaolin

Back 16

#16 Mineral: Kaolinite
Chem Formula:
Crystal Form: Triclinic
Luster: non-metallic, dull to earthy
Color: White often stained with impurities
of red, brown, or grey
Hardness: 2.0 to 2.5
Cleavage: Perfect basal but rarely seen
because of small grain size
Streak: White
Habitat: Found in earthy massas, earthy odor when wet
Common in: Clay as clay mineral

Front 17

Calcite

Back 17

#17 Mineral:Calcite
Chem Formula:
Crystal Form: Hexaganol
Luster: non-metallic, vitreous (may appear earthy in fine-grained massive forms)
Color: Colorless and transparent
or white when pure, wide range of colors possible
Hardness: 3.0
Cleavage: Perfect Rhombohedral
because of small grain size
Streak: White to Gray
Habitat: Crystals common. Also massive, granular, oolitic, or in a variety of other habitats effervesces in cold diluted HCl
Common in: wide variety of sedmenitary and metamorphic rocks

Front 18

Dolomite

Back 18

#18 Mineral: Dolomite
Chem Formula:
Crystal Form: Hexaganol
Luster: non-metallic, vitreous or pearly
Color: Colorless, white, gray, greenish, yellowish-brown;
other colors possible
Hardness: 3.5 - 4.0
Cleavage: Rhombohedral
Streak: White
Habitat: Crystals common. Twinning common. Also massive, granular, oolitic, or in a variety of other habitats when powdered effervesces in cold diluted HCl
Common in: wide variety of sedmenitary

Front 19

Halite

Back 19

#19 Mineral: Halite
Chem Formula:
Crystal Form: Cubic
Luster: non-metallic, vitreous. Transparent to translucent
Color: Colorless, white, gray, yellow, red;
Hardness: 2.5
Cleavage: Perfect Cubic
Streak: White
Habitat: Crystals common. Also massive, and coarsely granular Table salt taste of salty
Common in:

Front 20

Gypsum Var. Massive

Back 20

#20 Mineral:Gypsum Var. Massive
Chem Formula:
Crystal Form: Monoclinic
Luster: non-metallic, vitreous to pearly; some varieties silky
Color: Colorless, white, gray, yellowish orange, light brown;
Hardness: 2.0
Cleavage: good in one direction producing thin sheets; fracture conchadial in one direction, fibrous in another
Streak: White
Habitat: Crystals common in simple habitat. Also massive,
and coarsely crystalline granular
Common in: occurs widely in sedimentary deposits

Front 21

Gypsum Var. Satin Spar

Back 21

#21 Mineral:Gypsum Var. Satin Spar
Chem Formula:
Crystal Form: Monoclinic
Luster: non-metallic, vitreous to pearly; some varieties silky
Color: Colorless, white, gray, yellowish orange, light brown;
Hardness: 2.0
Cleavage: good in one direction producing thin sheets; fracture conchadial in one direction, fibrous in another
Streak: White
Habitat: Crystals common in simple habitat. Also massive,
and coarsely crystalline granular
Common in: occurs widely in sedimentary deposits

Front 22

Gypsum Var. Selenite

Back 22

#22 Mineral:Gypsum Var. Selenite
Chem Formula:
Crystal Form: Monoclinic
Luster: non-metallic, vitreous to pearly; some varieties silky
Color: Colorless, white, gray, yellowish orange, light brown;
Hardness: 2.0
Cleavage: good in one direction producing thin sheets; fracture conchadial in one direction, fibrous in another
Streak: White
Habitat: Crystals common in simple habitat. Also massive,
and coarsely crystalline granular
Common in: occurs widely in sedimentary deposits

Front 23

Chert &/ or Chalcedony

Back 23

#23 Mineral: Chert &/ or Chalcedony
Chem Formula:
Crystal Form: Hexagonal
Luster: non-metallic, waxy or dull
Color: Varies
Hardness: 7.0
Cleavage: none. Conchodial Fracture with sharp edges.
Streak: White
Habitat: Crystals common in simple habitat. Also massive,
and coarsely crystalline granular
Common in: occurs widely in sedimentary rocks and
viens, cavities, or as dripstone

Front 24

Chert Var. Flint

Back 24

#24 Mineral:Chert Var. Flin
Chem Formula:
Crystal Form: Hexagonal
Luster: non-metallic, waxy or dull
Color: Varies
Hardness: 7.0
Cleavage: none. Conchodial Fracture with sharp edges.
Streak: White
Habitat: Crystals common in simple habitat. Also massive,
and coarsely crystalline granular
Common in: occurs widely in sedimentary rocks and
viens, cavities, or as dripstone

Front 25

Chert Var. Jasper

Back 25

#25 Mineral: Chert Var. Jasper
Chem Formula:
Crystal Form: Hexagonal
Luster: non-metallic, waxy or dull
Color: Varies
Hardness: 7.0
Cleavage: none. Conchodial Fracture with sharp edges.
Streak: White
Habitat: Crystals common in simple habitat. Also massive,
and coarsely crystalline granular
Common in: occurs widely in sedimentary rocks and
viens, cavities, or as dripstone

Front 26

Hematite var. Specular

Back 26

#26 Hematite var. Specular
Chem Formula:
Crystal Form: Hexagonal
Luster: metallic, Sub metallic to dull
Color: Steel gray to dull to bright red
Hardness: 5.0 - 6.0
Cleavage: none. Basal parting fracture uneven
Streak: Red Brown
Common in: iron ore

Front 27

Hematite var. Oolitic

Back 27

#27 Hematite var. Oolitic
Chem Formula:
Crystal Form: Hexagonal
Luster: metallic, Sub metallic to dull
Color: Steel gray to dull to bright red
Hardness: 5.0 - 6.0
Cleavage: none. Basal parting fracture uneven
Streak: Red Brown
Common in: iron ore

Front 28

Limonite/Geothite

Back 28

#28 Limonite/Geothite
Chem Formula:
Crystal Form: Orthohombic
Luster: Varies metallic to dull in masses
Color: Dark brown, yellow-brown, reddish brown, brownish black, yellow
Hardness: 5.0 - 5.5
Cleavage: perfect parrallel to side pinacoid, fracture uneven
Streak: Brownish yellow
Habitat: Crystals uncommon. usually massive or earthy as residual from chemical weathering, or stalactic by direct precipitation. often in fibrous.
Common in: iron ore

Front 29

Epodite var. Crystal

Back 29

#29 Epodite var. Crystal
Chem Formula:
Crystal Form: Monoclinic
Luster: non-metallic, Vitreous
Color: pale to dark green to yellow-green
Hardness: 6.0 - 7.0
Cleavage: poor; fracture brittle
Streak: White
Habitat: Massive or striated prisms
Common in: Gemstones

Front 30

Epodite var. Massive

Back 30

#30 Epodite var. Massive
Chem Formula:
Crystal Form: Monoclinic
Luster: non-metallic, Vitreous
Color: pale to dark green to yellow-green
Hardness: 6.0 - 7.0
Cleavage: poor; fracture brittle
Streak: White
Habitat: Massive or striated prisms
Common in: Gemstones

Front 31

Chlorite

Back 31

#31 Chlorite
Chem Formula:
Crystal Form: Monoclinic
Luster: non-metallic, Vitreous to earthy
Color: green to green-blue
Hardness: 2.5 - 3.0
Cleavage: perfect, basal forming
flexible non-elastic sheets
Streak: White to pale green
Habitat: Occurrs as foiliatated masses or small flakes.
Common in: Low grade schist and as alteration product of other ferromagnesium minerals

Front 32

Actinolite (amphibole)

Back 32

#32 Actinolite (amphibole)
Chem Formula:
Crystal Form:
Luster:
Color:
Hardness:
Cleavage:
Streak:
Habitat:

Common in:

Front 33

Garnet

Back 33

#33 Garnet
Chem Formula:
Crystal Form: Cubic (isometric)
Luster: Non-metallic; vitreous to resinous
Color: Varies but dark red and reddish
brown most common; White, pink,
yellow, green, black depending on composition
Hardness: 7.0 - 7.5
Cleavage: none
Streak: White or color of mineral
Habitat: Crystals common. Also in granular masses
Common in: Crystals common in igneous,
sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks

Front 34

Granite

Back 34

#34 Granite
Texture: Phaneritic
Composition: Quartz, K-Spar, Hornblende, Biotite
Temperature & Pressure of Pressure: 600 degrees low pressure
Cooling history: Slow cooling

Front 35

Granite

Back 35

#35 Granite
Texture: Phaneritic
Composition: Quartz, K-Spar,
Temperature & Pressure of Pressure: 600 degrees low pressure
Cooling history: Slow cooling

Front 36

Granite

Back 36

#36 Granite
Texture: Phaneritic
Composition: Quartz, K-Spar,
Temperature & Pressure of Pressure: 600 degrees low pressure
Cooling history: Slow cooling

Front 37

Granite Porphyry

Back 37

#37 Granite Porphyry
Texture: Phaneritic with Phenocrysts
Composition: Quartz, K-Spar,
Temperature & Pressure of Pressure: 600 degrees low pressure
Cooling history: Slow cooling

Front 38

Granite

Back 38

#38 Granite
Texture: Phaneritic
Composition: Quartz, K-Spar,
Temperature & Pressure of Pressure: 600 degrees low pressure
Cooling history: Slow cooling

Front 39

Diorite

Back 39

#39 Diorite
Texture: Phaneritic
Composition: Ca-Feldspar, hornblende, biotite
Temperature & Pressure of Pressure: 850 degrees low pressure
Cooling history: Slow cooling

Front 40

Gabbro

Back 40

#40 Gabbro
Texture: Phaneritic
Composition: Ca-Feldspar, hornblende, biotite
Temperature & Pressure of Pressure: 1050 degrees low pressure
Cooling history: Slow cooling

Front 41

Gabbro

Back 41

#41 Gabbro
Texture: Phaneritic
Composition: Ca-Feldspar, hornblende, biotite
Temperature & Pressure of Pressure: 1050 degrees low pressure
Cooling history: Slow cooling

Front 42

Gabbro

Back 42

#42 Gabbro
Texture: Phaneritic
Composition: Ca-Feldspar, hornblende, biotite
Temperature & Pressure of Pressure: 1050 degrees low pressure
Cooling history: Slow cooling

Front 43

Peridotite

Back 43

#43 Peridotite
Texture: Phaneritic
Composition: Pyroxene, Olivine
Temperature & Pressure of Pressure: 1200 degrees low pressure
Cooling history: Slow cooling

Front 44

Rhyolite Porphyry

Back 44

#44 Rhyolite Porphyry
Texture: Aphanitic with Phenocrysts
Composition of Phenocrysts: Crystal Quartz
Groundmass color: Redish-Brown

Front 45

Rhyolite Porphyry

Back 45

#45 Rhyolite Porphyry
Texture: Aphanitic with Phenocrysts
Composition of Phenocrysts: Quartz and K-Feldspar
Groundmass color: Redish-Brown

Front 46

Rhyolite porphyry

Back 46

#46 Rhyolite porphyry
Texture: Aphanitic with Phenocrysts
Composition of Phenocrysts: Quartz and K-Feldspar
Groundmass color: Dark Gray

Front 47

Andesite Porphyry

Back 47

#47 Andesite Porphyry
Texture: Aphanitic with Phenocrysts
Composition of Phenocrysts: hornblende
Groundmass color: Light Gray

Front 48

Andesite Porphyry

Back 48

#48 Andesite Porphyry
Texture: Aphanitic with Phenocrysts
Composition of Phenocrysts: hornblende Quartz
Groundmass color: Light Gray

Front 49

Andesite Porphyry

Back 49

#49 Andesite Porphyry
Texture: Aphanitic with Phenocrysts
Composition of Phenocrysts: hornblende Ca-Feldspar
Groundmass color: Light Gray

Front 50

Basalt Porphyry (olivine basalt porphyry)

Back 50

#50 Basalt Porphyry (olivine basalt porphyry)
Texture: Aphanitic with Phenocrysts
Composition of Phenocrysts: Olivine
Groundmass color: Dark Gray

Front 51

Vesicular Olivine Basalt Porphyry

Back 51

#51 Vesicular Olivine Basalt Porphyry
Texture: Aphanitic with Phenocrysts
Composition of Phenocrysts: Olivine
Groundmass color: Dark Gray

Front 52

Scoria

Back 52

#52 Scoria
Texture: Vesicular
Composition of Phenocrysts: olivine
Groundmass color: Red

Front 53

Obsidian

Back 53

#53 Obsidian
Texture: Vesicular
Composition of Phenocrysts: N/A
Groundmass color: Transparent Black Gray

Front 54

Pumice

Back 54

#54 Pumice
Texture: Vesicular
Composition of Phenocrysts: N/A
Groundmass color: White to light gray

Front 55

Volcanic ash ( volcanic glass shards Mount St. Helens 05-18-1980)

Back 55

#55 Volcanic ash ( volcanic glass shards Mount St. Helens 05-18-1980)
Texture: Glassy
Composition of Phenocrysts: N/A
Groundmass color: Transparent Black Gray