Physical Geography - Chapter 7: Atmospheric Disturbances

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1,000

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Atmospheric disturbances have a diameter of this many miles or more

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Low, Counterclockwise, Northern

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Atmospheric disturbances are cells of ____ pressure with a converging ____ circulation pattern in the ____ Hemisphere

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Oval

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The isobar pattern of an atmospheric disturbance tends towards this shape

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NE to SW

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The long axis of a atmospheric disturbance tends towards this direction

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East

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A warm front extends this direction from center

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Southwest

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A cold front extends this direction from center

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Trough

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This front runs along a trough

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Westerlies

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Atmospheric Disturbances move in this wind belt

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West to East

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Atmospheric Disturbances move in this direction

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20 to 30 mph in 3 to 4 days

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Atmospheric Disturbances in the westerlies run this many miles per hour in this many days

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Parallel, Opposite

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Winds flow ____ but in ____ directions to the stationary boudnary

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Ahead of a Warm Front

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In this area of a midlatitude cyclone, there is a gradual lifting of warm air overtaking a cold air mass

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Well Ahead of the Front

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Ahead of a warm front in a midlatitude cyclone, cirro- (high) clouds are found here

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Towards the Middle of the Front

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Ahead of a warm front in a midlatitude cyclone, alto- (mid) clouds are found here

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At the Warm Front Boundary

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Ahead of a warm front in a midlatitude cyclone, strato- (low) and nimbostratus clouds are found here

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Ahead of a Warm Front

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The precipitation in this area of a midlatitude cyclone comes from a nimbostratus cloud and is light to moderate, lasting for longer periods of time

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Ahead of a Warm Front

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The winds in this area of a midlatitude cyclone are NE well ahead of the front to SE closer to the front

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East

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If the winds are from this direction, a storm system is coming

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Ahead of a Warm Front

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The temperatures in this area of a midlatitude cyclone are cool

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Ahead of a Warm Front

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In this area of a midlatitude cyclone, pressure falls as the center of the low approaches

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Northeast

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Well ahead of a warm front in a midlatitude cyclone, winds are out of this direction

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Southeast

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Close to the front of of a warm front in a midlatitude cyclone, winds are out of this direction

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Behind a Warm Front

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Warm sector of the storm

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Behind a Warm Front

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In this sector of a storm, the mT air mass is dominant

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Behind a Warm Front

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This sector of a storm has cumulus clouds

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Behind a Warm Front

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This sector of a storm has no precipitation

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Behind a Warm Front

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This sector of a storm has southerly winds

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Behind a Warm Front

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In this sector of a storm, the winds are out of the south to southwest

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Behind a Warm Front

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In this sector of a storm, your pressure is steady

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Ahead of a Cold Front

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In this sector of a storm, there is a dramatic energy exchange as a cold air mass (cP) overtakes the mT air mass

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Ahead of a Cold Front

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This sector of a storm is a narrow band of weather

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Ahead of a Cold Front

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The clouds in this sector of a storm are cumulonimbus clouds

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Ahead of a Cold Front

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This sector of a storm has a squall line

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Squall Line

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A line of storms right in front of the cold front boundary

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Ahead of a Cold Front

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This sector of a storm is also known as the terrible triangle

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Ahead of a Cold Front

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This sector of a storm has the greatest potential for producing severe weather

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Ahead of a Cold Front

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The precipitation in this sector of a storm is heavy and short lasting

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Ahead of a Cold Front

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In this sector of a storm, your winds will initially be out of the southwest but will shift to the west where they are gusty

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Southwest, West

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Ahead of a cold front, your winds will initially be out of this direction but shift to this direction

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Ahead of a Cold Front

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In this sector of a storm, temperatures will be steady but will fall

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Ahead of a Cold Front

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In this sector of a storm, pressure falls with the trough of a cold front

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Behind a Cold Front

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In this sector of a storm, the cP (cold) air mass is dominant

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Behind a Cold Front

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This sector of a storm is the cold sector of a storm

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Behind a Cold Front

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In this sector of a storm, there is a rapid clearing of clouds, leaving none in the sky

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Behind a Cold Front

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In this sector of a storm, there is no precipitation

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Behind a Cold Front

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In this sector of a storm, the winds flow North to Northwest

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Behind a Cold Front

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In this sector of a storm, the temperatures fall and it becomes cool

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Behind a Cold Front

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In this sector of a storm, pressure rises as the anticyclone approaches

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Anticyclone

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Referred to as a High (H)

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Larger

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Is an anticyclone generally smaller or larger than a cyclone?

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West to East

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Anticyclones move in this general direction

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Clockwise; Out

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The rotation of an anticyclone is ____ and ____

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Anticyclone

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With this system, air pressure is diverging (sinking) toward the surface

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Stable

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High pressure system are this, meaning they are clear and dry with no fronts

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False

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True or False: high pressure systems have fronts

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Low

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Do high or low pressure systems move faster?

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High

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This type of pressure system can stagnate

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High

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This type of pressure system has calmer winds

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Tornadoes

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The most destructive of all atmospheric disturbances

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Tornado

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A deep low pressure cell surrounded by violently whirling winds in contact with the ground

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Tornado

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This atmospheric disturbance comes in all shapes, sizes, and colors

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Tornadoes

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Have the most extreme pressure gradients

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Tornado Valley

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Most Tornadoes occur here

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Great Plains states

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These states make up Tornado alley

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TX, OK, KS, MO, NE

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These are the great plains states

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Spring

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Tornado season is in this season

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March to June

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Tornado season is between these months

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Strongest Temperature Gradient

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This is why tornado season is in the spring

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Squall Line

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Most tornadoes form within this (#1)

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Supercell Thunderstorms

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Most tornadoes form within this (#2)

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mT and cP

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Tornadoes are a result of clashes between these two air masses

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Supercells

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Highly organized thunderstorms

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Supercells

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These storms pose a high threat to life and property

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Mesocyclone

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This is the rotating updraft in a supercell

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Tornadoes

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The first characteristic of a supercell

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High winds/wind damage

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The second characteristic of a supercell

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Large hail and heavy rain

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The third characteristic of a supercell

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Tornado Watch

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Conditions are favorable for the formation of severe thunderstorms and tornadoes

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Tornado Warning

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Issues when a tornado has been sighted or indicated by a weather radar