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112 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The Hydrologic cycle
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movement of water around the planet
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runoff
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preciptiation falls to rapidly and doesnt fluctuate into the ground.
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overland flow
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1. sheet flow
2. channelized flow |
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aquifer
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permenable rock or sediment that is holding ground water
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aquiclude
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impermeable rock and sediment that underlys ground water
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perched water table
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formed when there is small lens of impermeable rock
-form shallow groundwater. |
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draw down
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creates a cone of depression.
-occours when well is dug and water is taken out of ground water |
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point source pollution
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know were the pollution is coming from
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no point source pollution
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pollution that cannot be pointed to one place
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karst topography
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llandscape with karst landforms
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karst
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refers to dissolution of limestone
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fluival geomorphology
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the study of streams and river systems
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discharge
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volume of water/unit time
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stage
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height of stream surface
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stream Gage
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measures stage and discharge
-set up by usgs |
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drainage basin
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an area in which all surface water passes through a single point
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drainage divide
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a upland that seperates drainage basins
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hydrograph
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plots discharge over time.
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lag time
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discharge peaks after rainfall
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base flow
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kind of like stage of stream
-related to water table(height of water) |
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flood stage
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stage just before a river floods
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what are sources of water supply?
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overland flow
streans groundwater |
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landscape evolution
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landscapes change over geographic time
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denudation
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general lowering of the landscape
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erosional landforms
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water has removed materials
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depositional landforms
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sediment is removed to form new landforms
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rills
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closely spaced, small chanels in a hill slope
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master rill
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water chooses to move through one rill and make it larger over time
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gullies
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steep walled canyon like trenches
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headward errosion
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gullies grow progressively upslope
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hydrolic action
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the force of flowing water removing material
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abrasion
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rock particles carried by the current remove materials
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corrosion
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chemical process; material going into a solution
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badland
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geomprphic term for a landscape with extensive gullying.
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bedload
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consist of larger sediment and cobble that are bounced or slide along the bottom of the stream
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saltation
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process of sediment bouncing along the bottom of stream bed
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suspended load
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smaller particles that are held in suspension at the bottom of the stream bed
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dissolved load
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material that is being carried in a dissolved state
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stream capacity
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maximum amount of particules
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stream competence
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maximum sized particles
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landscape evolution
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how a landscape changes over time
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graded stream
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even gradient stream carries just the amount of sediment that it recieves
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waterfalls
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called nick-points
temporary on the landscape |
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braided stream
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heavy bed load
lots of deposition |
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meandoring stream
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migrates through its flood plain
graded system |
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aggradation
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elevation of the stream bed is rising
flood plain is forming when aggredation is occouring |
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degradation
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stream is cutting down into the sediment
refered to as hungry water |
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entrenched mendor
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stream degrades into the bedrock
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point bar
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depostional landform on inside of a meandor bend
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cut bank
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errosional landform on the outside of a meandor bend
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cut-off
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what is left behind after a river cuts off a meander bend
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natural levee
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ridge of corser sediment thats parrellels the river on both sides
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back swamp
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flat portion of flood plain between natural levee and valley wall
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terraces
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former floodplains
a result of aggradation, then degradation |
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alluvial fan
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fan shaped depositional landform created where a high energy stream emerges onto a flat plain
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bajada
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a series of coalesing fans
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playas
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broad shallow lake beds that are dry most of the year
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eolian
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means wind blown
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abrassion (wind)
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wind drives sand and silt against a surface
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Deflation
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wind picks up loss particles
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angle of repose
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max angle of sediment will sit without falling
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bachan dunes
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cresentic dunes, usually form were there is isolated pocket of sand
concave in down wind direction |
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transverse dunes
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abundant sand mulitple barchan dunes
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erg
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large section of sand
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parabolic dunes
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concave upwind
also called costal blowout dunes |
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coastal foredune
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vegitated dunes on a beach
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star dunes
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a result of multiple complex wind directions
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loess
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wind blown silt
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marine cliff
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a steep bank of bedrock carved out by the waves at the cut notch
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wave cut notch
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basial indentation that is cut out by the waves
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abrassion platform
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flat surface created by the retreat of a marine cliff
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marine scarp
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steep bank of soft sediment
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sea arch
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differentail errosion cut out a part of rock to form an arch
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sea stacks
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when arches fall sea stacks form
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sea caves
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similar to wave cut notch but go back further and form a cave
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calving
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a big peice of ice that falls of a glacier into the ocean
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glacier
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a large accumilation of ice, on land, affected by past or present motion
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what are two broad categories of glaciers?
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1. apline glaciers'
2. ice sheets |
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alpine glaciers
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long narrow glaciers occourying former stream valleys in mountainous regions
also called mountain or valley glaciers |
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ice sheet
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broad masses of ice covering large areas
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firn
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partially recrystallized snow
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accumulation
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incoming snow
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ablation
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melting or going away of the snow
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abrassion(glaciers)
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rock fragments held within the ice grind against bedrock
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plcuking
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freeze/thaw action lifts blocks from bedrock
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straitation
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narrow groves in the bedrock that are abraded by glaciers
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zone of accumulation
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zone on glaciers when accumulation exceeds ablation
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zone of ablation
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zone of glaciers when ablation exceeds accumulation
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snowline
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line between the two zones-equilibrium line
above line is accumulation and below is ablation line |
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crevaces
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cracks in the brittle layer upper portion of a glacier
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cirque
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bowl shapped depression at the head of a glacier
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glacier through
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u shaped valley
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hanging valley
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u shaped triubtary valley
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arete
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knife like ridge formed by the enlargement of two cirques
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horn
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prymid like peak formed by the enlargement of three or more cirques
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col
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low point on an arete
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tarn
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a lake in a crique
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till
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unsorted unstratified galcial deposits
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moraine
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a ridge of till deposited at the margins of a glacier
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terminal moraine
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at the tumius or furthest extend of glaciaiton
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lateral moraine
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at the sides of a glacier
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medial moraine
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in the middle of a glacier
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recessional moraine
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like a terminal moraine except during a period of recession
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ground moraine
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till deposited underneath the glaciers
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roche moutnnee
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bedrock knobs reshaped by ice sheets
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ice marginal lake
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a lake along the margins of the ice
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outwash plain
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stratified sediment down valley of the glacier
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kame
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galcial delta
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eskers
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ridge of glacial aluivum that forms in tunnels beneath the ice sheet
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kettle lake
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lake in an outwash plain formed when a block of stagnite ice melts
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drumlin
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knob of till reshaped by an ice sheet
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erratics
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block of rock that is transported by glacier and dropped were it doesnt belong.
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