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91 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Plate tectonics
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Theory that describes large scale movement of the Earth's Lithosphere.
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continental shelf
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An underwater land mass that extends from a continent resulting in an area of relatively shallow water
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continental drift
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Is the movement of Earth's continents relative to eachother
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transform plate margin
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A location where two move past eachother
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hotspot Volcanic regions
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fed by underlying areas of [anomaly] of relatively hot mantle
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rifting
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A fissure crack or opening
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mid-oceanic ridge
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Underwater mountain range formed by plate tectonics
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plate convergence
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Two plates colliding anti-parallel
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anticline
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A ridge shaped fold or stratified rock in which the strata slope downward to form a crest.
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syncline
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The opposite of anticline
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fold
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One or stack of originally flat level surfaces are bent or curved as a result of pressure and high temp |
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earthquake
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A sudden and violent shaking of the ground as a result of plate tectonics or volcanic activity |
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epicenter
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The point of earth's surface vertically above the focus |
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focus
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The 3 dimensional location of origination |
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earthquake scales
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Richter Scale (1-10, exponential) Mercalli Scale- Observation by people |
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liquefaction
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Phenomenon in which the strength and stiffness of the soil is reduced by earthquake shaking. |
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faults:
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normal- hanging wall downward to foot wall reverse- Hanging wall pushed upstrike slip- displaced horizontally |
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overthrust
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reverse fault |
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basin // range
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basin- large low laying area usually below sea level range- small mountain range |
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volcano (cinder-cone
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composite - multiple eruptions
shield fluid- magma flows, low profile/ derivative cinder cone- built around volcanic vent, loos pyroclastic debris |
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Weathering
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natural decay of rocks |
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Karst topography
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landscape formed from dissolution of soluble rocks. weathering into caverns |
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jointing
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brittle fracture surface along which little or no displacement has occured |
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mechanical weathering
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Rocks are broken down without any chemical change |
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exfoliation
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Results when rocks formed at depth are exposed at the ground surface |
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salt-crystal growth
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Major stage of a crystallization process and consists of new atoms, ions or polymer strains into the arrangement of a crystalline bravais lattice |
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chemical weather
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Breakdown of rocks from changes in their chemical composition |
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hydrolysis
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Breaking of a bond using water |
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oxidation
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Loss of electrons |
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carbonation
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Carbon dioxide dissolving in a liquid |
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spheroidal weathering
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Form of chemical weathering that affects jointed bedrock and results in the formation of concentric or spherical layers of highly decayed rock in weathered bedrock known as sapalite |
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mass wasting
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Slope movement of soil sand etc |
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colluvium
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material that accumulates at the foot of a steep slope |
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talus
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pile of rocks at base of a cliff |
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rockfall
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descent of loose rocks |
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landslides (debris slide
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debris flow
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mudflow
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slump)
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soil creep
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solifluction
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avalanche
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perennial/ephemeral streams
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tributary
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confluence
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drainage divide /basin
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drainage types: dendritic
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rectangular
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trellis
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stream ordering
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stream discharge (and how to calculate!)
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flood stage
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rill/gulley/ravine/canyon
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alluvial fan
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river floodplain
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dissolved / suspended / bed load
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meander or pool/riffle streams
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horizontal migration
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braided stream
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V- and U-shaped valley
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cut-banks and point bar
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oxbow lake
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alluvium
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water velocity
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slope/gradient
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delta
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well sorted / poorly sorted
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distributary channels
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entrenched streams/meanders
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levee
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firn
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accumulation/ ablation
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glacial mass budget (or balance)
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internal deformation/basal slip
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crevasse
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glacial advance / retreat
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ice cap
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ice field
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cirque
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alpine glaciers
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continental glaciers
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glacial striations
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glacial grooves
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glacial plucking
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glacial erratics
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glacial trough
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glacial till
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glacial outwash
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roche moutonnée
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tarn
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arête
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U shaped valley
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horn
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moraine (terminal
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lateral
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recessional
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kettle (lake)
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n
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